مصادر الصور

(1-1) Anglerfish (Commons sibi/CC-BY-SA-3.0).
(1-2) Grebe courtship (Taken from “The penguin dance”, from Julian S. Huxley, “The courtship habits of the great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus)”, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 25 (1914).)
(1-3) Drosophila courtship (Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Nature Reviews Genetics, Marla B. Sokolowski, “Drosophila: Genetics meets behaviour”, Nov; 2(11): 879–90. copyright (2001).)
(2-1) Map of red-winged blackbird marsh (Redrawn from figure 2 in Gibbs HL, Weatherhead PJ, Boag PT, White BN, Tabak LM, Hoysak DJ., “Realized reproductive success of polygynous red-winged blackbirds revealed by DNA markers”, Science. 1990 Dec 7;250(4986): 1394–7. Reprinted with permission from AAAS.)
(2-2) Grouse (Artist: Bob Hines (1912–94), US Fish and Wildlife Service, Wikimedia Commons, Public Domain.)
(2-3) Jacana (David J. Tuss.)
(2-4) Gibbons (© Thomas Geissman, Switzerland.)
(3-1) Widowbirds (Chromolithograph after Frederick William Frohawk, printed by Brumby & Clark Ltd in Hull and published in Frohawk’s Foreign Finches in Captivity, 1899.)
(3-2) Sticklebacks (From the French natural history dictionary, Histoire naturelle, 1849, by D’Orbigny.)
(3-3) Water mites (Proctor, H. C. 1991. Courtship in the water mite Neumania papillator: males capitalize on female adaptations for predation. Animal Behaviour, 42, 589–98.)
(3-4) Lek paradox
(4-1) Katydid (Illustration by Martin Thompson.)
(4-2) Seahorses (Schematic illustration of life cycle of seahorse based on—Look, Katrien J. W. Van; Dzyuba, Borys; Cliffe, Alex; Koldewey, Heather J.; Holt, William V. (2007-02-01). “Dimorphic sperm and the unlikely route to fertilisation in the yellow seahorse”, Journal of Experimental Biology 210 (3): 432–7/CC 1.0.)
(4-3) Ruffs (Genetic mapping of the female mimic morph locus in the ruff. Lindsay L. Farrell, Terry Burke, Jon Slate, Susan B. McRae, and David B. Lank. BMC Genetics 2013: 109 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-14-109 © Farrell et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013. With kind permission of Lindsay L. Farrell.)
(4-4) Isopods (Shuster, S. M. 1992. The reproductive behaviour of α, β-, and γ-males in Paracerceis sculpta, a marine isopod crustacean. Behaviour 121: 231–58.)
(5-1) Disruptive selection
(5-2) Sperm competition (Adapted from figure 2 in Parker, G. A., Lessells, C. M., and Simmons, L. W. 2013. “Sperm competition games: a general model for pre-copulatory male–male competition.” Evolution, 67: 95–109.)
(5-3) Testes vs body weight
(5-4) Quacking frogs (Photo by Bruno Butazzo.)
(5-5) Damselflies (Reddogs/Shutterstock.com POWER AND SYRED/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY.)
(5-6) Bacula (© University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool; MP 113 1960.)
(6-1) Mallards (Photo by Allen Gu. https://cnx.org/contents/1VAR4MtO@3/Sexual-Conflict-and-Forced-Cop/CC-BY-SA-3.0.)
(6-2) Chase-away selection
(6-3) Sexually antagonistic selection (Republished with permission of Princeton University Press, from Arnqvist, G., and L. Rowe, Sexual Conflict., (2005), figure 2.5, permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.)
(6-4) Diving beetle (Bergsten, J., A. Töyrä, and A. N. Nilsson. 2001. Intraspecific variation and intersexual correlation in secondary sexual characters of three diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 73: 221–32, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, © Ranking: 2015: 31/46 (Evolutionary Biology).)
(6-5) Seed beetle penis (Image by Liam Dougherty.)
(6-6) Drosophila accessory proteins (Figure 1 in Bailey, R. I., P. Innocenti, E. H. Morrow, U. Friberg, and A. Qvarnström. 2011. Female Drosophila melanogaster gene expression and mate choice: The X chromosome harbors candidate genes underlying sexual isolation. Plos One 6:e17358.)
(6-7) Mouse sperm and graph (Courtesy of Professor Paul M. Wassarman.)

(From Renée C. Firman, Montserrat Gomendio, Eduardo R. S. Roldan, and Leigh W. Simmons 2014. “The coevolution of ova defensiveness with sperm competitiveness in house mice”, The American Naturalist, 183: 565–72.)
(7-1) Pathways to speciation (Janette W. Boughman, and Richard Svanbäck, “Synergistic selection between ecological niche and mate preference primes diversification”, Evolution (2016), Vol. 71, Issue 1, pp. 6–22, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, © Ranking: 2016: 12/48 (Evolutionary Biology); 27/153 (Ecology); 38/167 (Genetics & Heredity).)
(7-2) White-throated sparrow (By permission of Cornell Lab of Ornithology.)
(7-3) Hawaii map (Map adapted from Hampton L. Carson, “Sexual Selection: A Driver of Genetic Change in Hawaiian Drosophila”, Journal of Heredity 88: 343–52, 1997.)
(7-4) Irish elk (© Florilegius/Alamy/age fotostock.)