الهوامش
المزيد من التفاصيل الخاصة بالأعمال المشار إليها بالإيجاز يمكن أن يجدها القارئ في المراجع والصفحات المذكورة فيما يلي:الفصل الأول: السؤال
(1)
Godelier, The Mental and the Material,
1.
(2)
Harrison,
“Letters”.
(3)
Bullock, “Socializing the
Theory of Intellectual Development”,
187.الفصل الثاني: القوس الأعظم
(1)
Benedict, Patterns of Culture,
15.
(2)
Ibid., 16.
(3)
Ibid., 15.
(4)
Ibid., 16.
(5)
Mead, quoted in Fox, Lions of the
Punjab, 192.
(6)
Benedict, Patterns of Culture,
17.
(7)
Radcliffe-Brown, quoted in
Kuper, Anthropology and Anthropologists,
53.
(8)
Radcliffe-Brown, “Preface”, p.
xii.
(9)
Benedict, Patterns of Culture,
16.
(10)
Radcliffe-Brown, “Preface”, p.
xi.
(11)
Benedict, Patterns of Culture,
12.
(12)
Turnbull, The Mbuti Pygmies,
5.
(13)
Wolf, Europe and the People
without History, pp.
ix-x.
(14)
Ibid., 4.
(15)
Benedict, Patterns of Culture,
12.
(16)
Wolf, Europe and the People
without History, 4.
(17)
Ibid., 76.
(18)
Ibid., 6.
(19)
Ibid.,
5.
(20)
Ibid.,
3.
(21)
Ibid., 387.
(22)
Lesser, quoted in Wolf, Europe and the
People without History, 19.
(23)
Wolf, Europe and the People
without History, 386.
(24)
Carrithers, “Jainism and
Buddhism as Enduring Historical Streams”,
161.
(25)
Peel, “History, Culture,
and the Comparative Method: A West African
Puzzle”,
108-9.
(26)
Godelier, The Mental and the Material,
1.
(27)
Hannerz, quoted in Clifford, The
Predicament of Culture, 17.الفصل الثالث: بداية التاريخ
(1)
Obeyesekere, The Work of Culture,
92.
(2)
Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures,
73.
(3)
Mauss, Sociology and Psychology,
9.
(4)
White, quoted in Sahlins, Culture and
Practical Reason, 105.
(5)
Wilson, Sociobiology: The New
Synthesis, 16–18.
(6)
Sober, The Nature of
Selection.
(7)
Humphrey, “The Social Function
of Intellect”, 309.
(8)
Ibid., 310.
(9)
Wynn, “Tools and the Evolution of Human
Intelligence”.
(10)
Dennett, The Intentional
Stance.
(11)
Levinson, “Interactional Biases in
Humman Thinking”.
(12)
Byrne and Whiten (eds.), Machiavellian
Intelligence, 9.
(13)
Axelrod, The Evolution of
Cooperation.
(14)
Godelier, The Mental and the Material,
1.
(15)
Landau, Narratives of Human
Evolution.
(16)
Tobias, quoted in Landau,
Narratives of Human Evolution,
164-5.
(17)
Wilberforce, quoted in Rachels, Created
from Animals.
(18)
Tobias, quoted in Landau, Narratives of
Human Evolution, 166.
(19)
Darwin, quoted in Rachels, Created from
Animals, 1.
(20)
Rachels, Created from
Animals.الفصل الرابع: تحليل الروح الاجتماعية
(1)
Trevarthen and Logotheti,
“Child in Society, and Society in Children”,
167.
(2)
Bruner, Child’s Talk,
26.
(3)
Vygotsky, quoted in Butterworth and
Grover, “The Origins of Referential Communication in
Human Infancy”, 9.
(4)
Trevarthen and Logotheti,
“Child in Society, and Society in Children”,
166-7.
(5)
Dennett, The Intentional
Stance.
(6)
Whiten (ed.) Natural Theories of
Mind.
(7)
Byrne and Whiten (eds.), Machinvellian
Intelligence.
(8)
Grice, “Utterers Meaning and
Intention”; Bennett, Linguistic
Behavior.
(9)
Strecker, The Social Practice
of Symbolization,
73-4.
(10)
Brown and Levinson, Politeness: Some
Universals in Language
Usage.
(11)
Premack, “Pedagogy and Aesthetics as
Sources of Culture”. 18.
(12)
Maynard Smith, “Game Theory and the
Evolution of Cooperation”,
452.
(13)
Rosaldo, Knowledge and Passion,
27.
(14)
Schieffelin, The Sorrow of the Lonely,
2.
(15)
Scribner, “Thinking in Action: Some
Characteristics of Practical Thought”,
28.
(16)
Rosaldo, “Toward an Anthropology of
Self and Feeling”, 140.
(17)
Bakhtin, quoted in Holquist, Dialogism,
62-3.
(18)
Hofstadter, Metamagical Themas,
238.
(19)
See Smith and Wilson, Modern
Linguistics: The Results of Chomsky’s
Revolution.
(20)
Bruner, Child’s Talk,
18-19.
(21)
Tomasello, “The Social Bases of
Language Acquisition,
83.
(22)
Austin, How to Do Things with Words;
Searle, Speech Acts.الفصل الخامس: قراءة الأفكار وقراءة الحياة
(1)
Bruner, Actual Minds, Possible
Words, 14.
(2)
Astington, “Narrative and the Child’s
Theory of Mind”.
(3)
Trevarthen and Logotheti, “Child in
Society, and Society in Children”,
173.
(4)
Schutz, Reflections on the Problem of
Relevance.
(5)
Bruner, Actual Minds Possible Worlds,
13.
(6)
Latimore and Grene (eds.), Sophocles
1.الفصل السادس: الثور والقديس
(1)
Dumont, Homo
Hierarchicus.
(2)
Gergen and Gergen, “The Social
Construction of Narrative
Accounts”.
(3)
Shaha, Sri 108 Siddhasagar Muni
Maharaj, 1.
(4)
Haviland, quoted in
Keesing, “Models, “Folk” or “Cultural”:
Paradigms
Regained?”, 382.
(5)
Appadurai,
“Gastro-politics in Hindu South
Asia”.
(6)
Hutchins, Culture and Inference: A
Trobiand Case Study.
(7)
Fernandez, Persuasions and
Performances.الفصل السابع: التحول
(1)
Gellner, Spectacles and Predicaments,
41.
(2)
Wolf, Europe and the People without
History, 76.
(3)
An expanded version of this argument is
found in my book, The Buddha.
(4)
Rhys-Davids, Dialogues of the Buddha,
105-6.
(5)
Ibid., 107.
(6)
Norman, Pali
Literature.
(7)
Digha Nikaya III.
81.
(8)
Ibid.
(9)
Tannen, Talking
Voices.
(10)
Digha Nikaya III.
83-4.
(11)
Ibid.,
84.
(12)
Rhys-Davids, Dialogues of the
Buddha III. 82.
(13)
Gombrich, The Buddha’s Allusions to
Vedic Literature’.
(14)
Digha Nikaya III.
86.
(15)
Ibid., 92-3.
(16)
Collins, “Notes on the Word mahasammata
and the Idea of a Social Contract in
Buddhism”.
(17)
Rhys-Davids and Carpenter (eds.), Digha
Nikaya II. 73–6.
(18)
Dighi Nikaya III.
94.
(19)
Lingat, quoted in Tambiah, “King
Mahasammata”, 116
(20)
Tambiah, “King Mahasammata”,
119.الفصل الثامن: بُعبُع العلم
(1)
Stocking (ed.) Observers Observed,
7.
(2)
Geertz, Works and Lives,
4.
(3)
Ibid., 140.
(4)
Evans-Pritchard, Nure Religion,
222.
(5)
Sperber, On Anthropological
Knowledge, 14-15.
(6)
See Polanyi, Personal Knowledge; Ziman,
Reliable Ziman, Reliable Knowledge; and Hacking,
Representing and intervening.
(7)
Hacking, Representing and Intervening,
131.
(8)
Ibid., 144.
(9)
Ziman, Reliable Knowledge,
125-6.
(10)
Roth, Ethnography without Tears’,
561.
(11)
Ziman, Reliable Knowledge,
43.
(12)
Ibid., 43-4.
(13)
Ibid., 44.
(14)
Ibid., 44-5.
(15)
Ibid., 45.
(16)
Fifth, “Degrees of Intelligibility”,
39.
(17)
Rosaldo, Knowledge and Passion,
27.
(18)
Obeyesekere, The Work of
Culture.
(19)
Lewis, Day of Shining Red,
50.
(20)
Lienhardt, Divinity and
Experience, 233.
(21)
Fifth, “Degrees of
Intelligibility”, 40.الفصل التاسع: صندوق حلوى مهمل في غير ترتيب
(1)
Borofsky, Making History,
154.
(2)
Schieffelin, The Sorrow of the
Lonely, 47.
(3)
Ibid.,
47-8.
(4)
Ibid.,
48.
(5)
Lienhardt, Divinity and Experience,
29.
(6)
Ibid.,
32.
(7)
Ibid., 54.
(8)
Ibid., 30.
(9)
du Boulay, Portrait of a Greek
Mountain Village, 3.
(10)
Ibid., 48-9.
(11)
Ibid., 49-50.