قراءات إضافية
مقدمة
John Clute and Peter Nicholls’s New Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (London: Orbit, 1993) and
John Clute’s Science Fiction: The Illustrated
Encyclopedia (London: Near Fine, 1995) are essential reference
works. Three valuable histories of science fiction are Brian W. Aldiss and David
Wingrove’s Trillion Year Spree (Kelly Brook:
House of Stratus, 2001); Edward James’s Science Fiction
in the Twentieth Century (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994);
and Brian Stableford’s The Sociology of Science
Fiction (San Bernardino: Borgo Press, 2007). Among numerous other
useful reference works are M. Keith Booker and Anne-Marie Thomas (eds.),
The Science Fiction Handbook (Malden, MA,
and Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009); Mark Bould et al. (eds.), The Routledge Companion to Science Fiction (London
and New York: Routledge, 2009); Edward James and Farah Mendelson (eds.),
The Cambridge Companion to Science
Fiction (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003); and David
Seed (ed.), A Companion to Science Fiction
(Oxford: Blackwell, 2005). Joanna Russ’s comments on science fiction can be
found in The Country You Have Never Seen
(Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2007). Istvan Csicsery-Ronay, The Seven Beauties of Science Fiction (Middletown,
CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2008) presents a series of far-reaching essays on
SF. Phil Hardy’s Overlook Film Encyclopedia
(New York: Overlook Press, 1995) is a valuable reference
work.
الفصل الأول: رحلات إلى الفضاء
John Rieder, Colonialism and the
Emergence of Science Fiction (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University
Press, 2009) explores the relation between science fiction and empire. Arthur C.
Clarke’s essays and reviews on science fiction are collected in Greetings, Carbon-Based Bipeds! (London: Voyager,
1999). A valuable source on 2001 is James
Agel’s The Making of Kubrick’s 2001 (New
York: New American Library, 1970). J. G. Ballard’s comments on inner space are
collected in his A User’s Guide to the
Millennium (London: Flamingo, 1997).
الفصل الثاني: لقاء الكائنات الفضائية
Useful commentary on the SF films of the 1950s can be
found in Peter Biskind, Seeing Is Believing: How
Hollywood Taught Us to Stop Worrying and Love the Fifties (New
York: Henry Holt, 1983). Jenny Wolmark, Aliens and
Others (Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993) explores the
relation of the alien to gender, as does Patricia Meltzer, Alien Constructions (Austin, TX: University of
Texas Press, 2006). Gwyneth Jones’s explanation of her Aleutians can be found in
her Deconstructing the Starships (Liverpool:
Liverpool University Press, 1999). Walter E. Meyer, Aliens and Linguistics (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press,
1980) discusses the languages of different aliens in SF.
الفصل الثالث: الخيال العلمي والتكنولوجيا
Lewis Mumford’s Technics and
Civilization (1934) has been reprinted by Chicago University
Press (2010). Graeme Gilloch, Myth and
Metropolis (London: Polity Press, 1997) gives valuable commentary
on Walter Benjamin and the city. Roger Luckhurst, Science Fiction (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2005) focuses its
history on technology. Gary Westfahl, The Mechanics of
Wonder (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1998) discusses in
detail Hugo Gernsback’s role in the evolution of SF. Marc Angenot’s introduction
to the semiotics of SF can be found in his essay ‘The Absent Paradigm’,
Science Fiction Studies, 6(1) (March
1979), pp. 9–19. Isaac Asimov, Asimov on Science
Fiction (New York: Doubleday, 1981) collects essays on technology
in SF and related topics. David Hartwell and Kathryn Cramer (eds.), The Ascent of Wonder (London: Orbit, 1994) collects
examples of hard science fiction, as does their subsequent volume, The Hard SF Renaissance (Pleasantville, NY: Dragon
Press, 2002). Vivian Sobchack, Screening
Space, 2nd edn. (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2001)
gives essential commentary on relevant science fiction films. Chris Hables Gray
(ed.), The Cyborg Handbook (New York and
London: Routledge, 1995) contains many important pieces on this subject. Donna
Haraway’s famous ‘A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and
Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century’ originally appeared in
Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of
Nature (London and New York: Routledge, 1991), pp. 149–81; it has
subsequently appeared in numerous collections. Scott Bukatman, Terminal Identity (Durham, NC: Duke University
Press, 1993) explores the emergence of the virtual subject in postmodernism. J.
P. Telotte, Replications (Urbana, IL:
University of Illinois Press, 1995) surveys robotics in the SF cinema, and David
Porush, The Soft Machine (New York and
London: Methuen, 1985) discusses a range of texts dealing with cybernetics. Mark
Dery, Escape Velocity (London: Hodder and
Stoughton, 1996) discusses the cyberculture of the late 20th
century.
الفصل الرابع: المدن الفاضلة (يوتوبيا) والمدن الفاسدة (ديستوبيا)
Darko Suvin, Positions and
Presuppositions in Science Fiction (London: Macmillan, 1988)
contains his definition of utopias. His approach is followed in Tom Moylan,
Scraps of the Untainted Sky (Boulder, CO:
Westview Press, 2000). Krishan Kumar, Utopia and
Anti-Utopia in Modern Times (Oxford: Blackwell, 1987) relates key
modern utopias and dystopias to their political context. Philip E. Wegner,
Imaginary Communities (Berkeley, CA:
University of California Press, 2002) covers a much broader time span and also
relates utopian writings to history. John Carey (ed.), The Faber Book of Utopias (London: Faber, 2000) gathers some
classic examples of the genre. Pamela Sargent (ed.), Women of Wonder: Science Fiction Stories by Women about Women
(New York: Random House, 1975), and More Women of
Wonder: Science Fiction Novelettes by Women about Women (New
York: Vintage, 1976) were pioneering anthologies in their field. Joanna Russ
discusses the predicament of the female SF writer in To
Write Like a Woman (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press,
1995), and Ursula Le Guin’s main comments on science fiction are collected in
The Language of the Night (New York:
Putnam, 1979). Eric Leif Davin, Partners in
Wonder (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2006) questions the
received image of women’s presence in science fiction 1926–65, arguing that it
was far more extensive than widely supposed. Michel Foucault’s 1967 paper ‘Of
Other Spaces’ is available at
http://foucault.info/documents/heteroTopia/foucault.heteroTopia.en.html
(accessed 10 January 2011).
الفصل الخامس: الخيال العلمي والزمن
H. G. Wells, The Discovery of the
Future (London: Polytechnic of North London Press, 1989) reprints
his famous essay. John Gosling, Waging ‘The War of the
Worlds’ (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2009) discusses the radio
adaptation of Wells’s famous novel. Nicholas Ruddick, The Fire in the Stone (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University
Press, 2009) surveys the mainly Darwinian tradition of prehistoric fiction. I.
F. Clarke, Voices Prophesying War, 2nd edn.
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992) gives an historical survey of future
wars from 1763 to 3749. Related in subject, H. Bruce Franklin, War Stars (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988)
examines the history of the super-weapon in American fiction. Paul Brians,
Nuclear Holocausts (Kent, OH: Kent State
University Press, 1987), with its 2008 edition at
http://www.wsu.edu/~brians/nuclear/, are essential guides to
fiction from 1895 onwards that deals with atomic war. Susan Sontag’s essay ‘The
Imagination of Disaster’ first appeared in Against
Interpretation (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1966) and
has since been published in numerous collections. Samuel Delany, Silent Interviews and The
Jewel-Hinged Jaw, revised edn. (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan
University Press, 1994 and 2009) collect most of Delany’s writings on SF. George
E. Slusser and Colin Greenland (eds.), Storm
Warnings (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press,
1987) assembles essays on how SF confronts the future; and Fredric Jameson,
Archaeologies of the Future (London and
New York: Verso, 2005) presents a sophisticated Marxist interpretation of
utopian and other SF. W. Warren Wagar, Terminal
Visions (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1982) is an
important study of apocalyptic fiction.
الفصل السادس: مجال الخيال العلمي
Mike Ashley, The Time Machines,
Transformations, and Gateways to
Forever (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2000, 2005, and
2007) together make up the standard history of science fiction magazines.
Michael Moorcock (ed.), New Worlds: An
Anthology (London: Flamingo, 1983) gathers a cross-section of
representative pieces from his journal. Mark Bould and China Mieville (eds.),
Red Planets (London: Pluto Press, 2009)
contains some of Mieville’s statements on SF. Nalo Hopkinson and Uppinder Mehan
(eds.), So Long Been Dreaming (Vancouver:
Arsenal Pulp Press, 2004) is an important collection of postcolonial science
fiction. Sheree R. Thomas and Martin Simmons’s Dark
Matter (New York: Time Warner, 2000) and Sheree R. Thomas’s
Dark Matter: Reading the Bones (New York:
Time Warner, 2005) together constitute ground-breaking collections of African
American science fiction. Studies of religion in SF include Frederick A.
Kreuziger, The Religion of Science Fiction
(Bowling Green, OH: Popular Press, 1982) and on its relation to philosophy, see
Stephen R. L. Clark, How To Live Forever
(London and New York: Routledge, 1995) and Susan Schneider (ed.), Science Fiction and Philosophy (Malden, MA, and
Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009). Bruce Sterling (ed.), Mirrorshades (Westminster, MD: Arbor House, 1986) is the
formative cyberpunk anthology. Darko Suvin, Metamorphoses of Science Fiction (New Haven, CT: Yale University
Press, 1979) contains Suvin’s classic formulations on this body of fiction.
Patrick Parrinder (ed.), Learning from Other
Worlds (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2000) is a
collection of critical essays on Suvin’s writings. Carl Freedman, Critical Theory and Science Fiction (Middletown,
CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2000) contains his discussion of the ‘cognition
effect’. The main critical journals on science fiction are Science Fiction Studies and Extrapolation in the USA, Foundation:
The International Review of Science Fiction in
Britain.
