مصادر الصور

(3-1) From J. Z. Young, The Life of Vertebrates, Oxford University Press, 1962 (Hands and feet, bird skeleton). From R. L. Carroll, Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, W. H. Freeman, New York, 1988 (Bat skeleton).
(3-2) From Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex.
(3-3) © Don Fawcett/Science Photo Library (Eukaryote). © A. B. Dowsett/Science Photo Library (Prokaryote).
(3-5) From R. E. Dickerson & I. Geis, Hemoglobin: Structure, Function, Evolution, and Pathology. Benjamin Cummings, California, 1983.
(3-7) From C. P. Swanson, Cytology and Cytogenetics, Macmillan, 1958.
(4-1) From L. B. Halstead, Hunting the Past, Hamish Hamilton, 1983.
(4-2) From L. B. Radinsky, The Evolution of Vertebrate Design, University of Chicago Press, 1987.
(4-3) From B. A. Malmgren, W. A. Berggren, and G. P. Lohmann, 1983. Evidence for punctuated gradualism in the late neogene globorotalia-tumida lineage of planktonic-foraminifera. Paleobiology 9(4): 377–389, 1983.
(4-4) From S. Carlquist, Island Biology, Columbia University Press, 1974. This was re-drawn from R. I. Bowman, Evolution patterns in Darwin’s finches, Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 44, 1963.
(4-5) From K. J. Burns, S. J. Hackett and N. K. Klein, Evolution, Society for the Study of Evolution, 2002.
(5-1) From J. Z. Young, The Life of Vertebrates, Oxford University Press, 1962.
(5-2) From H. Curtis & N. S. Barnes, Biology, 5th edition, Worth, New York, 1968 (Cabbages). © David Allan Brandt/Stone/Getty Images (Dogs).
(5-3) From H. Curtis & N. S. Barnes, Biology, 5th edition, Worth, New York, 1968.
(5-4) From Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex.
(6-2) From G. A. Wray, Dating branches on the tree of life using DNA. Genome Biology 3, 2001.
(7-1) From B. Rensch, Evolution Above the Species Level, © Columbia University Press 1958. Reprinted with permission of the publisher.
(7-2) From B. Hölldobler & E. O. Wilson, Journey to the Ants, Belknap Press/Harvard University Press, 1994.