قراءات إضافية | يورجن هابرماس: مقدمة قصيرة جدًّا

(١) مجموعة مختارة من كتابات هابرماس الأولى

Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society, tr. T. Burger and F. Lawrence (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1989 [1962]).
Theory and Practice, tr. John Viertel (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1988 [1963]). An abridged collection of critical thematic and historical essays on social theory which includes the seminal essay on ‘labour and interaction’, the key to Habermas’s understanding of Hegel, and to his critique of Marx and Marxism.
On the Logic of the Social Sciences, tr. Shierry Weber Nicholsen and Jerry A. Stark (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1988 [1967]).
Knowledge and Human Interests, tr. Jeremy J. Shapiro (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971 [1968]). In this book, Habermas examines the role of reflection in critical social theory. It contains a critique of the idealist philosophies of Kant and Fichte, Habermas’s engagement with pragmatism and hermeneutic philosophy, and an interesting appropriation of Freud.
Towards a Rational Society, tr. Jeremy J. Shapiro (Boston: Beacon Press, 1987 [1969]). Contains three essays on the student protests and three essays on the role of technology and science.
Legitimation Crisis, tr. Thomas McCarthy (London: Heinemann, 1976 [1973]). An interesting early study of crisis and legitimacy in capitalist societies in which Habermas puts the distinction between lifeworld and system to work.
Communication and the Evolution of Society, tr. Thomas McCarthy (London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1979 [1976]). This is an important study in Habermas’s reconstruction of historical materialism, in which he looks at the role of moral development of individuals and social structures.

(٢) مجموعة مختارة من كتابات هابرماس النظرية في مرحلة النضج الفلسفي

النظرية البراجماتية للمعنى ونظرية العقلانية التواصلية

The Theory of Communicative Action, tr. Thomas McCarthy, vol. 1 (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1984 [1981]). The pragmatic theory of meaning and the theory of communicative rationality are set out in Part III, ‘Intermediate Reflections’. Part IV contains criticisms of Weber, Lukacs, and Adorno.
Post-Metaphysical Thinking: Philosophical Essays, tr. William Mark Hohengarten (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992 [1988]). A collection of essays on Habermas’s conception of philosophy, some of which are relevant to programmes 1, 2, and 4.
The following two collections contain mainly articles on programmes 1 and 2. On the Pragmatics of Social Interaction: Preliminary Studies in the Theory of Communicative Action, tr. Barbara Fultner (Oxford: Blackwell, 2003 [1984]). On the Pragmatics of Communication, ed. Maeve Cooke (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2000).
Truth and Justification: Philosophical Essays, tr. B. Fultner (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2003 [1999]) is a collection of Habermas’s more recent studies on truth and on the pragmatic theory of meaning. Part III contains a surprising revision to Habermas’s theory of truth that has important ramifications for discourse ethics.

النظرية الاجتماعية

The lion’s share of Habermas’s social theory is contained in The Theory of Communicative Action, vol. 2, tr. Thomas McCarthy (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1987 [1981]), Part VI, ‘Intermediate Reflections’, and Part VIII.

أخلاقيات الخطاب

Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action, tr. Christian Lenhardt and Shierry Weber Nicholsen (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990 [1983]). This is a collection of seminal essays on the programme of discourse ethics. It should be read alongside the later collection, Justification and Application, tr. C. Cronin (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1993 [1991]), an important collection of essays, in which Habermas responds to criticisms and develops the distinction between morality and ethics.

النظرية السياسية والقانونية

‘Law and Morality’, tr. Kenneth Baynes, in The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, vol. 8, ed. Sterling M. McMurrin (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1988), pp. 217–79. The Tanner Lectures were held four years before the publication of Faktizität und Geltung, Habermas’s major work on political and legal theory. The English translation of Faktizität und Geltung is Between Facts and Norms, tr. William Rehg (Cambridge: Polity Press in association with Blackwell, 1996) and it contains two important earlier essays in addition. Programme 5 is set out mainly in chapters 3, 4, 7, and 8.
The Inclusion of the Other, tr. C. Cronin and P. De Greiff (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1998 [1996]). A collection of essays on Habermas’s moral and political theory that contains his critique of Rawls and three studies on the nation state.

نظرية الحداثة

The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity: Twelve Lectures, tr. F. Lawrence (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1987 [1985]). In these lectures, Habermas engages polemically with French poststructuralist thought, and develops his critique of Adorno and Horkheimer. See also Habermas’s 1980 essay ‘Modernity: An Unfinished Project’, tr. Nicholas Walker, and reprinted in Habermas and the Unfinished Project of Modernity: Critical Essays on the Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, ed. Seyla Benhabib and Maurizio Passerin d’Entrèves (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1997).

أعمال أخرى

The Future of Human Nature (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2003 [2001]) brings together some of Habermas’s essays on the moral, ethical, and political implications of bioethics and gene technology.

(٣) مجموعة مختارة من اللقاءات والكتابات السياسية المتفرقة

The New Conservatism: Cultural Criticism and the Historian’s Debate, ed. and tr. Shierry Weber Nicholsen (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1989).
‘What Does Socialism Mean Today?’, New Left Review, 183: 3–21.
‘Yet Again German National Identity – A Nation of Angry DM-Burghers?’ in When the Wall Came Down: Reactions to German Unification, ed. Harold James and Maria Stone (New York: Routledge, 1992).
Autonomy and Solidarity: Interviews with Jürgen Habermas, ed. P. Dews, revised and enlarged edn. (London: Verso, 1992).
The Past as Future: Jürgen Habermas Interviewed by Michael Haller, tr. Max Pensky (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994).
A Berlin Republic: Writings on Germany, tr. S. Rendall (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997).
The Post National Constellation, tr. and ed. Max Pensky (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2001).
Philosophy in a Time of Terror: Dialogues with Jürgen Habermas and Jacques Derrida, ed. Giovanna Borradori (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003).
Time of Transitions, tr. Max Pensky (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2005).

(٤) مجموعة مختارة من الدراسات الحديثة

النظرية البراجماتية للمعنى ونظرية العقلانية التواصلية

Language and Reason, ed. Maeve Cooke (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1994). The first full study in English on Habermas’s pragmatic theory of meaning and theory of communicative rationality.

النظرية الاجتماعية

Communicative Action and Rational Choice, Joseph Heath (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2001). Though not easy reading, this is a detailed and impressive analysis of Habermas’s social theory and its philosophical underpinnings. It brings Habermas’s philosophy into dialogue with analytic philosophy of language and rational choice theory, and also covers programmes 1, 2, and 4.

أخلاقيات الخطاب

Insight and Solidarity: The Discourse Ethics of Jürgen Habermas, William Rehg (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994). A comprehensive critical elucidation and defence of Habermas’s programme of discourse ethics.
Making Moral Sense: Beyond Habermas and Gauthier, Logi Gunnarsson (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000). A critical comparison of Habermas and Gauthier’s rationalist justification of moral theory with the substantivist approach attributed to John McDowell.
Impartiality in Context: Grounding Justice in a Pluralist World, Shane O’Neill (Albany: SUNY Press, 1997). An interesting discussion of Habermas’s discourse ethics against the backdrop of sectarian conflict in Northern Ireland.

النظرية السياسية والقانونية

The Normative Grounds of Social Criticism: Kant, Rawls and Habermas, Kenneth Baynes (Albany: SUNY Press, 1992). An important study on Habermas’s politics providing a comparison of Habermas and Rawls. See also Reasonable Democracy: Jürgen Habermas and the Politics of Discourse, ed. Simone Chambers (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1996).

نظرية الحداثة

Between Reason and History: Habermas and the Idea of Progress, David S. Owen (Albany: SUNY Press, 2002).

أعمال أخرى

Another Country: German Intellectuals, Unification and National Identity, Jan Werner Müller (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000). Contains a critical analysis of Habermas’s views on German unification.
Jürgen Habermas: A Philosophical-Political Profile, Martin Beck Matustík (Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001). Quirky biography with an emphasis on Habermas’s complex and strained relations to the student movement in the 1960s.
Habermas: A Critical Introduction, William Outhwaite (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994).
The Philosophy of Habermas, Andrew Edgar (Teddington: Acumen, 2004).

(٥) مجموعة من المقالات حول أعمال هابرماس النظرية

Habermas: Critical Debates, ed. J. B. Thompson and D. Held (London: Macmillan, 1982). This is not recent, but is still a valuable collection that contains Habermas’s replies to his critics. Addresses programmes 1, 2, and 3.
Communicative Action: Essays on Jürgen Habermas’s ‘The Theory of Communicative Action’, ed. Axel Honneth and Hans Joas, tr. Jeremy Gains and Doris L. Jones (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991). Collects together some critical responses to The Theory of Communicative Action. Covers programmes 1, 2, and 3.
The Communicative Ethics Controversy, ed. Seyla Benhabib and F. Dallmayr (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1990). A useful collection of material on discourse ethics. Programme 4.
Ideals and Illusions: On Reconstruction and Deconstruction in Contemporary Critical Theory, Thomas McCarthy (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1991). A collection of essays by Habermas’s most longstanding critic and intellectual fellow traveller. Deals with programmes 3, 4, and 5.
Philosophical Interventions in the Unfinished Project of Enlightenment, ed. Axel Honneth et al., tr. William Rehg (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1992) and Cultural-Political Interventions in the Unfinished Project of Enlightenment, ed. Axel Honneth et al., tr. Barbara Fultner (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1992). These two companion volumes contain critical responses to all aspects of Habermas’s philosophy. The list of contributors reads like a ‘Who’s Who?’ of social theory. Examines programmes 2, 3, 4, and 5.
Habermas and the Unfinished Project of Modernity: Critical Essays on the Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, ed. Seyla Benhabib and Maurizio Passerin d’Entrèves (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1997).
Habermas and the Public Sphere, ed. C. Calhoun (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1992). Critical responses to Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit subsequent to its English translation. Many of these essays look at Habermas’s early book in the light of his mature social theory and the programme of discourse ethics, and so are relevant to programmes 3, 4, and 5.
Feminists Read Habermas: Gendering the Subject of Discourse, ed. Johanna Meehan (London: Routledge, 1995). Feminist responses to Habermas’s philosophy.
The Cambridge Companion to Habermas, ed. S. K. White (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995). An uneven collection of essays that includes valuable contributions by Max Pensky, Ken Baynes, and Simone Chambers (chapters 4, 7, and 8) on Habermas’s politics, and on his political and democratic theory respectively. Focuses on programmes 3, 4, and 5.
Habermas: A Critical Reader, ed. P. Dews (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999). A collection of essays that attempt to situate Habermas’s theories in the context of the various philosophical traditions in which he works.
Perspectives on Habermas, ed. Lewis Edwin Hahn (Illinois: Open Court, 2000). A large collection of critical and comparative essays addressing programmes 3, 4, and 5.
Habermas, Modernity and Law, ed. Mathieu Deflem (London: Sage, 1996). Looks at programme 5.
Habermas on Law and Democracy: Critical Exchanges, ed. M. Rosenfeld and A. Arato (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998). Large collection of critical responses to Between Facts and Norms. Programme 5.
Discourse and Democracy: Essays on Habermas’s Between Facts and Norms, ed. René von Schomberg and Kenneth Baynes (Albany: SUNY Press, 2002). Programme 5.
Habermas and Pragmatism, ed. M. Aboulafia, M. Bookman, and C. Kemp (London: Routledge, 2002). A collection of essays exploring the pragmatic aspects of Habermas’s work and his idiosyncratic relation to the tradition of American pragmatism. Contains material relevant to programmes 1, 3, and 5.

(٦) مجموعة مختارة من كتابات المؤلف عن هابرماس ومدرسة فرانكفورت

‘Habermas’s Discourse Ethics and Hegel’s Critique of Kant’s Moral Theory’, in Habermas: A Critical Reader, ed. P. Dews (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999), 29–52.
‘What are Universalizable Interests?’, Journal of Political Philosophy, 8: 4 (2000): 446–72.
‘Modernity and Morality in Habermas’s Discourse Ethics’, Inquiry, 3 (2000): 319–40.
‘Adorno on the Ethical and the Ineffable’, European Journal of Philosophy, 10, 1 (2002): 1–25.
Review of Logi Gunnarsson, ‘Making Moral Sense: Beyond Habermas and Gauthier’, Ethics, 112, 4 (2002): 828–31.
‘Theory of Ideology and the Ideology of Theory: Habermas contra Adorno’, Historical Materialism, 11, 2 (2003): 165–87.
‘Habermas’s Moral Cognitivism and the Frege-Geach Challenge’, European Journal of Philosophy, (2005 forthcoming).