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مراجع ومصادر وقراءات إضافية

الفصل الأول

  • Bekoff, Marc (ed.), Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1998).
  • Egonsson, Dan, Dimensions of Dignity: The Moral Importance of Being Human (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1998), chapter 1: ‘Introduction’.
  • Griffin, Donald R., The Question of Animal Awareness (New York: Rockefeller University Press, 1976; rev. edn., 1981).
  • Hearn, Kelly, ‘Film Shows Egg Farm Cruelty, Say Activists’, United Press International (6 June 2001): www.vny.com/cf/News/upidetail.cfm?QID=191910.
  • Montgomery, Lori, ‘Activists Accuse Egg Farm of Cruelty’, Washington Post (6 June 2001), B05.
  • Regan, Tom, and Peter Singer (eds.), Animal Rights and Human Obligations, 2nd edn. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1989), part I: ‘Animals in the History of Western Thought’.
  • Singer, Peter, Animal Liberation (New York: New York Review of Books, 1975; rev. edn., 1990).
  • Taylor, Angus, Magpies, Monkeys, and Morals: What Philosophers Say about Animal Liberation (Peterborough, Canada: Broadview, 1999), chapter 2: ‘From Aristotle to Darwin’.

الفصل الثاني

  • Carruthers, Peter, The Animals Issue: Moral Theory in Practice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
  • DeGrazia, David, Taking Animals Seriously: Mental Life and Moral Status (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
  • Frey, R. G., Interests and Rights: The Case Against Animals (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980).
  • Kant, Immanuel, Lectures on Ethics, tr. Louis Infield (New York: Harper & Row, 1963).
  • Markarian, Michael, ‘Victory at Last: Perseverance Pays off for Pennsylvania Pigeons’, The Fund for Animals 32/3 (Autumn 1999), 4-5.
  • Midgley, Mary, Animals and Why they Matter (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1983).
  • Pluhar, Evelyn B., Beyond Prejudice: The Moral Significance of Human and Nonhuman Animals (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1995).
  • Regan, Tom, The Case for Animal Rights (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1983).
  • Sapontzis, S. F., Morals, Reason, and Animals (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1987).
  • Singer, Peter, Animal Liberation, 2nd edn. (New York: New York Review of Books, 1990).

الفصل الثالث

  • Bateson, Patrick, ‘Assessment of Pain in Animals’, Animal Behavior, 42 (1991), 872–89.
  • Bekoff, Marc, and Dale Jamieson (eds.), Interpretation and Explanation in the Study of Animal Behavior, 2 vols. (Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1990).
  • Bolles, Robert C., and Michael S. Fanselow, ‘A Perceptual Defensive Recuperative Model of Pain and Fear’, Behavioral and Brain Research, 3 (1980), 291–323.
  • Carruthers, Peter, The Animals Issue: Moral Theory in Practice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
  • Cassell, Eric, ‘Recognizing Suffering’, Hastings Center Report, 21/3 (1991), 24–31.
  • Cavalieri, Paola, and Peter Singer (eds.), The Great Ape Project (New York: St Martin’s Press, 1993).
  • Cheney, Dorothy L., and Robert M. Seyfarth, How Monkeys See the World (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990).
  • Dawkins, Marian Stamp, Through our Eyes Only: The Search for Animal Consciousness (Oxford: Freeman, 1993).
  • DeGrazia, David, Taking Animals Seriously: Mental Life and Moral Status (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), chapters 4–7.
  • DeGrazia, David, and Andrew Rowan, ‘Pain, Suffering, and Anxiety in Animals and Humans’, Theoretical Medicine, 12 (1991), 193–211.
  • Eisemann, C. H., W. K. Jorgensen, et al., ‘Do Insects Feel Pain?—A Biological View’, Experientia, 40 (1984), 164–7.
  • Frey, R. G., Interests and Rights: The Case Against Animals (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980).
  • Gallistel, C. R. (ed.), Animal Cognition (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992).
  • Gray, Jeffrey A., The Neuropsychology of Anxiety (New York: Oxford University Press, 1982).
  • Griffin, Donald R., Animal Minds (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992).
  • Harrison, Peter, ‘Do Animals Feel Pain?’, Philosophy, 66 (1991), 25–40.
  • Jamieson, Dale, and Marc Bekoff, ‘On Aims and Methods of Cognitive Ethology’, Philosophy of Science Association, 2 (1993), 110–24.
  • Kitchen, Hyram, Arthur L. Aronson, et al., ‘Panel Report of the Colloquium on Recognition and Alleviation of Animal Pain and Distress’, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 191 (1987), 1186–91.
  • Morton, David B., and P. H. M. Griffiths, ‘Guidelines on the Recognition of Pain, Distress and Discomfort in Experimental Animals and an Hypothesis for Assessment’, Veterinary Record, 116 (1985), 431–6.
  • Nielsen, M., C. Braestrup, and R. F. Squires, ‘Evidence for a Late Evolutionary Appearance of a Brain-Specific Benzodiazepine Receptor’, Brain Research, 141 (1978), 342–6.
  • Nixon, Marion, and John B. Messenger (eds.), The Biology of Cephalopods (London: Academic, 1977).
  • Richards, J. G., and H. Mohler, ‘Benzodiazepine Receptors’, Neuropharmacology, 23 (1984), 233–42.
  • Rodd, Rosemary, Biology, Ethics and Animals (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990).
  • Rollin, Bernard A., The Unheeded Cry: Animal Consciousness, Animal Pain, and Science (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989).
  • Rose, Margaret, and David Adams, ‘Evidence for Pain and Suffering in Other Animals’, in Gill Langley (ed.), Animal Experimentation (New York: Chapman & Hall, 1989).
  • Rowan, Andrew, Franklin M. Loew, and Joan C. Weer, The Animal Research Controversy (North Grafton, MA: Tufts Center for Animals and Public Policy, 1994), chapter 7: ‘The Question of Animal Pain/Distress’.
  • Sherry, David F., ‘Food Storage, Memory and Marsh Tits’, Animal Behaviour, 30 (1982), 631–63.
  • Smith, Jane A., and Kenneth M. Boyd, Lives in the Balance: The Ethics of Using Animals in Biomedical Research (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), chapter 4: ‘Pain, Stress, and Anxiety in Animals’.
  • Wall, Patrick D., and Ronald Melzack (eds.), Textbook of Pain (Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1984).

الفصل الرابع

  • DeGrazia, David, ‘Equal Consideration and Unequal Moral Status’, Southern Journal of Philosophy, 31 (1993), 17–31.
  • ———, Taking Animals Seriously: Mental Life and Moral Status (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), chapter 8: ‘The Basics of Well-Being across Species’.
  • Frey, R. G., ‘Animal Parts, Human Wholes’, in James M. Humber and Robert F. Almeder (eds.), Biomedical Ethics Reviews 1987 (Clifton, NJ: Humana, 1987), 89–107.
  • Rachels, James, ‘Why Animals have a Right to Liberty’, in Tom Regan and Peter Singer (eds.), Animal Rights and Human Obligations, 2nd edn. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1989), 122–31.
  • Regan, Tom, The Case for Animal Rights (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1983).
  • Rollin, Bernard E., Animal Rights and Human Morality, 2nd edn. (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus, 1992).
  • Sapontzis, S. F., Morals, Reason, and Animals (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1987).
  • Singer, Peter, Practical Ethics, 2nd edn. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), chapter 5: ‘Taking Life: Animals’.

الفصل الخامس

  • Adcock, Melanie, ‘The Truth Behind “A Hen’s Life”’, HSUS News (Spring 1993).
  • Adcock, Melanie, and Mary Finelli, ‘The Dairy Cow: America’s “Foster Mother”’, HSUS News (Winter 1995).
  • Bekoff, Marc (ed.), Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1988).
  • DeGrazia, David, Taking Animals Seriously: Mental Life and Moral Status (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), chapter 9: ‘Back to Animal Ethics’.
  • Eisnitz, Gail A., Slaughterhouse (Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 1997).
  • Fox, Michael W., ‘BGH Causes National Brouhaha’, HSUS News (Spring 1994).
  • Garner, Robert, Political Animals (London: Macmillan, 1998), chapter 7: ‘The Politics of Farm Animal Welfare in Britain’.
  • Humane Society of the United States, ‘Environmental Fact Sheet’ (1994).
  • ———, ‘Fact Sheet on Broiler Chickens’ (1983).
  • ———, ‘Fact Sheet on Hogs’ (1983).
  • ———, ‘Human Health Fact Sheet’ (1994).
  • ———, ‘Questions and Answers about Veal’ (1990).
  • Kaufman, Marc, ‘In Pig Farming, Growing Concern’, The Washington Post (18 June 2001), A1, A7.
  • Lappé, Frances Moore, and Joseph Collins, World Hunger: Twelve Myths (New York: Grove, 1986).
  • Regan, Tom, The Case for Animal Rights (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1983).
  • Singer, Peter, Animal Liberation, 2nd edn. (New York: New York Review of Books, 1990), chapter 3: ‘Down on the Factory Farm’.
  • ———, Ethics into Action: Henry Spira and the Animal Rights Movement (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998).
  • ———, ‘Utilitarianism and Vegetarianism’, Philosophy and Public Affairs, 9 (1980), 325–37.
  • Warrick, Joby, ‘An Outbreak Waiting to Happen’, The Washington Post (9 Apr. 2001), A1, A10-11.
  • ———, ‘“They Die Piece by Piece”’, The Washington Post (10 Apr. 2001), A1, A10-11.

الفصل السادس

  • Bekoff, Marc (ed.), Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1998).
  • Bostock, Stephen St C., Zoos and Animal Rights (London: Routledge, 1993).
  • Cherfas, Jeremy, Zoo 2000 (London: British Broadcasting Co., 1984).
  • DeGrazia, David, Taking Animals Seriously: Mental Life and Moral Status (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), chapter 9: ‘Back to Animal Ethics’.
  • Grandy, John W., ‘Captive Breeding in Zoos’, HSUS News (Summer 1989).
  • ———, ‘Zoos: A Critical Reevaluation’, HSUS News (Summer 1992).
  • Hediger, H., Wild Animals in Captivity (New York: Dover, 1964).
  • Humane Society of the United States, ‘Fact Sheet: Captive Wild Animal Protection Bill’ (1985).
  • ———, ‘Pet Overpopulation Facts’ (1999).
  • ———, ‘Zoos’ (1984).
  • Jamieson, Dale, ‘Against Zoos’, in Peter Singer (ed.), In Defense of Animals (Oxford: Blackwell, 1985), 108–17.
  • ———, ‘Wildlife Conservation and Individual Animal Welfare’, in Bryan G. Norton et al. (eds.), Ethics on the Ark: Zoos, Animal Welfare, and Wildlife Conservation (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 1995), 69–73.
  • ———, ‘Zoos Reconsidered’, in Bryan G. Norton et al. (eds.), Ethics on the Ark: Zoos, Animal Welfare, and Wildlife Conservation (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 1995), 52–66.
  • Koebner, Linda, Zoo Book: The Evolution of Wildlife Conservation Centers (New York: Forge, 1994).
  • Koontz, Fred, ‘Wild Animal Acquisition Ethics for Zoo Biologists’, in Bryan G. Norton et al. (eds.), Ethics on the Ark: Zoos, Animal Welfare, and Wildlife Conservation (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 1995), 127–45.
  • Maple, Terry, ‘Toward a Responsible Zoo Agenda’, in Bryan G. Norton et al. (eds.), Ethics on the Ark: Zoos, Animal Welfare, and Wildlife Conservation (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 1995), 20–30.
  • ———, Rita McManamon, and Elizabeth Stevens, ‘Animal Care, Maintenance, and Welfare’, in Bryan G. Norton et al. (eds.), Ethics on the Ark: Zoos, Animal Welfare, and Wildlife Conservation (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 1995), 219–34.
  • Regan, Tom, ‘Are Zoos Morally Defensible?’, in Bryan G. Norton et al. (eds.), Ethics on the Ark: Zoos, Animal Welfare, and Wildlife Conservation (Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 1995), 38–51.

الفصل السابع

  • ALTWEB, ‘First In Vitro Toxicity Tests Approved for Use in Europe’ (altweb.jhsph.edu/altnews/archive/2000/june).
  • ———, ‘Synthetic Skin System Can Replace Animals in Some Tests of Chemical Safety’ (altweb.jhsph.edu/altnews/archive/2000/march).
  • Bowlby, John, Maternal Care and Mental Health (Geneva: World Health Organization, 1952).
  • Burns, John F., ‘American Museum Pinched for Funds’, New York Times (16 Feb. 1976), 23.
  • Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals (Geneva: CIOMS, 1985).
  • Garner, Robert, Political Animals (London: Macmillan, 1998), chapter 9: ‘The Politics of Animal Research in Britain’.
  • Harlow, Harry F., and Robert R. Zimmerman, ‘Affectional Responses in the Infant Monkey’, Science, 130 (1959), 421–32.
  • Humane Society of the United States, HSUS Pain and Distress Initiative (www.hsus.org/programs/research/pain_distress.html).
  • Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing 12/2 (Winter 1995).
  • LaFollette, Hugh, and Niall Shanks, Brute Science: Dilemmas of Animal Experimentation (London: Routledge, 1996), chapter 8: ‘Causal Disanalogy II: The Empirical Evidence’.
  • National Research Council, Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1996), appendix D: ‘Public Health Service Policy and Government Principles Regarding the Care and Use of Animals’.
  • Orlans, F. Barbara, In the Name of Science: Issues in Responsible Animal Experimentation (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993).
  • Orlans, F. Barbara, Tom Beauchamp et al., The Human Use of Animals: Case Studies in Ethical Choice (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), chapter 9: ‘Monkeys without Mothers’.
  • Regan, Tom, The Case for Animal Rights (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1983).
  • Rowan, Andrew, Franklin M. Loew, and Joan C. Weer, The Animal Research Controversy (North Grafton, MA: Tufts Center for Animals and Public Policy, 1994).
  • Russell, W. M. S., and R. L. Burch, The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique (London: Methuen, 1959).
  • Singer, Peter, Animal Liberation, 2nd edn. (New York: New York Review of Books, 1990).
  • ———, Ethics into Action: Henry Spira and the Animal Rights Movement (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998).
  • Smith, Jane A., and Kenneth M. Boyd (eds.), Lives in the Balance: The Ethics of Using Animals in Biomedical Research (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991).
  • Suomi, Stephen J., and Harry F. Harlow, ‘Apparatus Conceptualization for Psychopathological Research in Monkeys’, Behavioral Research Methods and Instruments, 1 (1969), 247–50.
  • ———, and Harry Harlow, ‘Depressive Behavior in Young Monkeys Subjected to Vertical Chamber Confinement’, Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 180 (1972), 11–18.
  • Taylor, Angus, Magpies, Monkeys, and Morals: What Philosophers Say about Animal Liberation (Peterborough, Canada: Broadview, 1999), chapter 5: ‘Is it Wrong to Use Animals for Scientific Research?’.
  • Wade, Nicholas, ‘Animal Rights: NIH Cat Sex Study Brings Grief to New York Museum’, Science, 194 (1976), 162–7.
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