definitions: Martha Crenshaw, ‘Current Research on Terrorism: the
Academic Perspective’, Studies in
Conflict and Terrorism 15 (1992); Sunil Khilnani,
‘The Politics of Terrorism’, Political
Quarterly 64, 3 (1993).
fear: C. A. J. Coady, ‘The Morality of Terrorism’,
Philosophy 60 (1985);
Robert E. Goodin, What’s Wrong with
Terrorism? (London: Polity Press,
2006).
agitation/enforcement: T. P. Thornton, ‘Terror as a Weapon of Political
Agitation’, in Harry Eckstein (ed.), Internal War: Problems and Approaches (New York:
Free Press of Glencoe, 1964).
strategies: Martha Crenshaw, Revolutionary Terrorism. The FLN in Algeria
1954–1962 (Stanford: Hoover Institute Press,
1978).
pity and remorse: Edgar O’Ballance, The
Language of Violence: The Blood Politics of
Terrorism (San Rafael, CA: Presidio Press,
1979).
women: Luisella Neuburger and Tizana Valentini, Women and Terrorism (London: St
Martins Press, 1996); Geula Cohen, Woman
of Violence. Memoirs of a Young Terrorist (New
York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1966).
الفصل الثاني
international convention: League of Nations First Conference on the Repression
of Terrorism, Geneva, 1937. Public Record Office, London, HO 45
1801.
international terrorism: Brian Jenkins, ‘International Terrorism: the Other
World War’, in Charles Kegley (ed.), International Terrorism: Characteristics, Causes,
Controls (New York: St Martins Press, 1990); Kent
L. Oots, A Political Organization
Approach to Transnational Terrorism (New York:
Greenwood Press, 1986); Thomas C. Schelling, ‘What Purposes Can
“International Terrorism” Serve?’, in R. G. Frey and C. W.
Morris (eds.), Violence, Terrorism, and
Justice (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1991).
state sponsorship: Yonah Alexander, ‘State Sponsored Terrorism’, Centre
for Contemporary Studies (Occasional Paper No. 3), London,
1986.
superterror: Ehud Sprinzak, ‘The Great Superterrorism Scare’,
Foreign Policy No. 112
(Fall 1998); Jessica Stern, The Ultimate
Terrorists (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
Press, 1999); Thomas Copeland, ‘Is the “New Terrorism” Really
New?’, Journal of Conflict
Studies (Winter 2001); Graham Allison, Nuclear Terrorism (New York: Times,
2004).
الفصل الثالث
French Revolution: ‘Commission temporaire de Commune-affranchie’, quoted
in Richard Cobb, Terreur et
Subsistences (Paris: Librairie Clavreuil, 1965);
Colin Lucas, ‘Revolutionary Violence, the People and the
Terror’, in Keith M. Baker (ed.), The
Terror (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
1994).
Georges Sorel: M. Anderson, ‘Georges Sorel, Reflections on
Violence’, Terrorism and Political
Violence 1, 1 (1989).
fascism: A. J. Gregor, ‘Fascism’s Philosophy of Violence and
the Concept of Terror’, in David Rapoport and Yonah Alexander
(eds.), The Morality of
Terrorism (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
1982).
Nazism: Jeremy Noakes, ‘The Origins, Structure and Function
of Nazi Terror’, in N. O’Sullivan (ed.), Terrorism, Ideology and Revolution (Brighton:
Wheatsheaf Books, 1986).
Latin America: Amnesty International, Final Report of the Mission to
Chile, April 1974; Robert Cox, ‘Total Terrorism: Argentina, 1969
to 1979’, in Martha Crenshaw (ed.), Terrorism, Legitimacy and Power (Middletown, CT:
Wesleyan University Press, 1983).
ultras: Martha Crenshaw, ‘The Effectiveness of Terrorism in
the Algerian War’, in Martha Crenshaw (ed.), Terrorism in Context (University
Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995); Michael
Barkun, ‘Millenarian Aspects of “White Supremacist” Movements’,
Terrorism 1, 4
(1989).
الفصل الرابع
concepts: Martha Crenshaw, ‘The Concept of Revolutionary
Terrorism’, Conflict
Resolution XVI, 3 (1972); Ariel Merari,
‘Terrorism as a Strategy of Insurgency’, Terrorism and Political Violence 5, 4
(1993).
anarchists: Ulrich Linse, ‘“Propaganda by Deed” and “Direct
Action”; Two Concepts of Anarchist Violence’, in W. Mommsen and
G. Hirschfeld (eds.), Social Protest,
Violence and Terror in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century
Europe (London: Macmillan, 1982); Peter
Kropotkin, Le Révolté
(Geneva, 1880), quoted in W. Laqueur, The Terrorism Reader (London: Wildwood House,
1979).
FALN: Carlos Marighela, For the
Liberation of Brazil (Harmondsworth: Penguin,
1971).
Tupamaros: Maria Esther Gilio, The
Tupamaros (London: Secker and Warburg,
1972).
urban guerrillas: Martin Oppenheimer, Urban
Guerrilla (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1970); Anthony
Burton, Urban Terrorism: Theory,
Practice and Response (London: L. Cooper,
1975).
groupuscules: Bommi Baumann, Terror or
Love? The Personal Account of a West German Urban
Guerrilla (London: John Calder, 1979); R. Drake,
‘Contemporary Terrorism and the Intellectuals: The Case of
Italy’, and B. Cordes, ‘Euroterrorists Talk About Themselves: A
Look at the
Literature’, in
P. Wilkinson (ed.), Contemporary
Research on Terrorism (Aberdeen: Aberdeen
University Press, 1987).
الفصل الخامس
Armenians: Khachig Tololyan, ‘Cultural Narrative and the
Motivation of the Terrorist’, Journal of
Strategic Studies 10, 4 (1987); Michael Gunter,
‘Contemporary Armenian Terrorism’, Terrorism 8, 3 (1986).
Irish republicanism: Charles Townshend, introduction to P. J. P. Tynan,
The Irish National Invincibles and
their Times (first published 1894; reprinted
Millwood, NY: Kraus Reprint, 1983); M. Taylor and E. Quayle,
Terrorist Lives (London:
Brassey’s, 1994).
Basques: R. Clark, ‘Patterns of ETA Violence: 1968–1980’, in
P. Merkl (ed.), Political Violence and
Terror (Berkeley: University of California Press,
1986); W. Douglass and J. Zulaika, ‘On the Interpretation of
Terrorist Violence: ETA and the Basque Political Process’,
Comparative Studies in Society and
History 32, 2 (1990).
الفصل السادس
definitions: Bruce Hoffman, Inside
Terrorism (London: Victor Gollancz, 1998); David
Rapoport, ‘Fear and Trembling: Terrorism in Three Religious
Traditions’, American Political Science
Review (1984).
messianism: David Rapoport, ‘Why Does Religious Messianism
Produce Terror?’, in P. Wilkinson (ed.), Contemporary Research on Terrorism (Aberdeen:
Aberdeen University Press, 1987).
Islam: Mark Anspach, ‘Violence Against Violence: Islam in
Historical Context’, Terrorism and
Political Violence 3, 3 (1991).
Hezbollah and Hamas: A. R. Norton, ‘Hizballah: From Radicalism to
Pragmatism’, Middle East
Policy 5, 4 (1998); Matthew Levitt, Hamas: Politics, Charity and Terrorism in the
Service of Jihad (New Haven and London: Yale
University Press, 2006).
suicide: Ariel Merari, ‘The Readiness to Kill and Die:
Suicidal Terrorism in the Middle East’, in W. Reich (ed.),
Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies,
Ideologies, Theologies, States of Mind
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990); Abdelwahab
El-Affendi, ‘The Terror of Belief and the Belief in Terror: On
Violently Serving God and Nation’, in M. Al-Rasheed and
M. Shterin (eds.), Dying for
Faith (London: Tauris, 2009).
fundamentalism: Al-Jihad, quoted in John L. Esposito, The Islamic Threat: Myth or
Reality? (New York: Oxford University Press,
1992), p. 135; Malise Ruthven, ‘Signposts on the Road’,
Times Literary
Supplement, 7 December 2001; A Fury for God (London: Granta Books,
2002).
9/11: Don DeLillo, ‘In the Ruins of the Future’, Harper’s
Magazine ,
December 2001.
near and far enemies: Mary Habeck, Knowing the
Enemy: Jihadist Ideology and the War on Terror
(New Haven and London: Yale University Press,
2006).
الفصل السابع
measuring threats: Walter Laqueur, ‘Reflections on Terrorism’, Foreign Affairs (Fall
1986).
proportionality: Jeffrey D. Simon, ‘Misunderstanding Terrorism’,
Foreign Policy 67 (1987);
Adam Roberts, ‘Terrorism and International Order’, in L.
Freedman et al. (eds.), Terrorism and
International Order (London: Routledge and Kegan
Paul, 1986).
international action: Home Office minute, 20 July 1937, Public Record
Office, London, HO 45 18080; Martha Crenshaw, Terrorism and International
Cooperation (New York: Westview Press,
1989).
democracy: Alex P. Schmid, ‘Terrorism and Democracy’, in A.
Schmid and R. Crelinsten (eds.), Western
Responses to Terrorism (London: Frank Cass,
1993); Kimbra L. Thompson Kruger, ‘The Destabilisation of
Republican Regimes: The Effects of Terrorism on Democratic
Societies’, Low Intensity Conflict and
Law Enforcement 5, 2 (1996).
media: Alex P. Schmid, ‘Terrorism and the Media: The Ethics
of Publicity’, Terrorism and Political
Violence 1, 4 (1989).
extralegal measures: Alan Dershowitz, Why
Terrorism Works (New Haven and London: Yale
University Press, 2002), Chapter 4.
conclusion: Ronald D. Crelinsten, ‘Terrorism,
Counter-Terrorism and
Democracy: The Assessment of
National Security
Threats’, Terrorism and Political
Violence 1, 2 (1989); Seth G. Jones and Martin C.
Libicki, ‘How Terrorist Groups End’, RAND Corporation Research
Brief, 2008.
