ملاحظات
الفصل الأول: أحلام رحلات الفضاء والمُقتضَيات العسكرية
(1)
Asif A. Siddiqi, The Red Rockets’
Glare: Spaceflight and the Soviet Imagination, 1857–1957
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 18–30; James T. Andrews,
Red Cosmos: K. E. Tsiolkovskii, Grandfather of
Soviet Rocketry (College Station: Texas A&M University
Press, 2009). For an unflattering view, see Michael Hagemeister, “The
Conquest of Space and the Bliss of the Atoms: Konstantin Tsiolkovskii,” in
Soviet Space Culture: Cosmic Enthusiasm in
Socialist Societies, edited by Eva Maurer, Julia Richers,
Monica Rüthers, and Carmen Scheide (Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan,
2011), 27–41.
(2)
Tom D. Crouch, Aiming for the Stars:
The Dreamers and Doers of the Space Age (Washington, DC:
Smithsonian Institution Press, 1999); Christopher Gainor, To a Distant Day: The Rocket Pioneers (Lincoln:
University of Nebraska Press, 2008).
(3)
David A. Clary, Rocket Man: Robert H.
Goddard and the Birth of the Space Age (New York: Hyperion,
2003). The only Oberth biography available in English is a translation from
the German of a book originally published in Russian: Boris V. Rauschenbach,
Hermann Oberth: The Father of Space
Flight (Clarence, NY: West-Art Press, 1994). It is not
critical or scholarly.
(4)
A Method was republished in
Robert H. Goddard, Rockets (New York:
American Rocket Society, 1946). On its impact, see Frank H. Winter, “The
Silent Revolution: How R. H. Goddard Helped Start the Space Age,” in
History of Rocketry and Astronautics:
Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth History Symposium of the International
Academy of Astronautics,Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,
2004, edited by Å. Ingemar Skoog (San Diego: Univelt, Inc.,
2011), 3–54.
(5)
Michael J. Neufeld, “Weimar Culture and Futuristic
Technology: The Rocketry and Spaceflight Fad in Germany, 1923–1933,”
Technology and Culture 31
(October 1990), 725–752.
(6)
Asif A. Siddiqi, “Deep Impact: Robert Goddard and the
Soviet ‘Space Fad’ of the 1920s,” History and
Technology 20 (June 2004): 97–113.
(7)
Neufeld, “Weimar Culture”; Jared S. Buss, Willy Ley: Prophet of the Space Age
(Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2017), 25–55. Still valuable
as an overview is Frank H. Winter, Prelude to
the Space Age: The Rocket Societies: 1924–1940
(Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press,
1983).
(8)
Michael J. Neufeld, Von Braun:
Dreamer of Space, Engineer of War (New York: Alfred A.
Knopf, 2007), 7–48.
(9)
Tom D. Crouch, Rocketeers and
Gentlemen Engineers: A History of the American Institute of
Aeronautics and Astronautics … and What Came Before
(Reston, VA: AIAA, 2006), 25–52.
(10)
Clary, Rocket Man; J. D.
Hunley, “The Enigma of Robert H. Goddard,” Technology and Culture 36 (April 1995): 327–350;
Alexander MacDonald, The Long Space Age: The
Economic Origins of Space Exploration from Colonial America to the
Cold War (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017),
105–159.
(11)
Michael J. Neufeld, The Rocket and
the Reich: Peenemünde and the Coming of the Ballistic Missile
Era (New York: The Free Press,
1995).
(12)
Michael J. Neufeld, “Hitler, the V-2, and the Battle for
Priority, 1939–1943,” Journal of Military
History 57 (July 1993): 511–538.
(13)
Michael J. Neufeld, “Wernher von Braun, the SS and
Concentration Camp Labor: Questions of Moral, Political and Criminal
Responsibility,” German Studies
Review 25 (February 2002): 57–78.
(14)
Neufeld, The Rocket and the
Reich; Jens-Christian Wagner, Produktion des Todes: Das KZ Mittelbau-Dora (Göttingen:
Wallstein, 2001); André Sellier, A History of
the Dora Camp (Chicago: Ivan Dee,
2003).
(15)
Frank H. Winter, America’s First
Rocket Company: Reaction Motors, Inc. (Reston, VA: AIAA,
2017); Clayton R. Koppes, JPL and the American
Space Program: A History of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982).
(16)
Siddiqi, The Red Rockets’
Glare, 155–195.
(17)
Neufeld, The Rocket and the
Reich, 267–279.
(18)
Asif A. Siddiqi, Challenge to
Apollo: The Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945–1974
(Washington, DC: NASA, 2000); Boris Chertok, Rockets and People, vol. 1 (Washington, DC: NASA,
2005).
(19)
Neufeld, Von Braun,
199–222; Brian Crim, Our Germans: Project
Paperclip and the National Security State (Baltimore:
Johns Hopkins University Press, 2018).
(20)
Michael J. Neufeld, “The Nazi Aerospace Exodus: Towards a
Global, Transnational History,” History and
Technology 28 (2012): 49–67; Olivier Huwart, Du V2 à Veronique: La naissance des fusées
françaises (Rennes: Marines éditions,
2004).
(21)
Siddiqi, The Red Rockets’
Glare, and his Challenge to
Apollo.
(22)
David H. DeVorkin, Science with a
Vengeance: How the Military Created the US Space Sciences after
World War II (New York: Springer-Verlag, 1992); J. D.
Hunley, The Development of Propulsion Technology
for U.S. Space-Launch Vehicles, 1926–1991 (College
Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2007). For a popular history
that gives the air force and its contractors due credit, see T. A.
Heppenheimer, Countdown: A History of Space
Flight (New York: John Wiley & Sons,
1997).
(23)
Christopher Gainor, The Bomb and
America’s Missile Age (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
University Press, 2018); Jacob Neufeld, The
Development of Ballistic Missiles in the United States Air Force,
1945–1960 (Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History,
1990).
(24)
Howard E. McCurdy, Space and the
American Imagination (Washington, DC: Smithsonian
Institution Press, 1997), 29–51; Siddiqi, The
Red Rockets’ Glare, 290–331.
الفصل الثاني: سباق الفضاء في الحرب الباردة
(1)
Michael J. Neufeld, “Orbiter, Overflight and the First U.S.
Satellite: New Light on the Vanguard Decision,” in Reconsidering Sputnik, edited by Roger D.
Launius, John M. Logsdon, and Robert W. Smith (Amsterdam: Harwood
Academic Publishers, 2000), 231–257.
(2)
Allan A. Needell, Science, Cold War
and the American State: Lloyd V. Berkner and the Balance of
Professional Ideals (Amsterdam: Harwood Academic, 2000),
297–353.
(3)
Walter A. McDougall, … the Heavens
and the Earth: A Political History of the Space Age (New
York: Basic Books, 1985), 112–134; R. Cargill Hall, “The Eisenhower
Administration and the Cold War: Framing American Astronautics to Serve
National Security,” Prologue 27
(Spring 1995): 58–72.
(4)
Siddiqi, The Red Rockets’
Glare, 313–324.
(5)
Neufeld, “Orbiter, Overflight.”
(6)
Siddiqi, The Red Rockets’
Glare, 324–335.
(7)
Kim McQuaid, “Sputnik Reconsidered: Image and Reality in
the Early Space Age,” Canadian Review of
American Studies 37 (2007): 371–401; McDougall, … the Heavens,
141–156.
(8)
Siddiqi, Challenge to
Apollo, 167–174.
(9)
McDougall, … the
Heavens, 141–156; Neufeld, Von
Braun, 311–323.
(10)
Michael J. Neufeld, “The End of the Army Space Program:
Interservice Rivalry and the Transfer of the Von Braun Group to NASA,
1958-1959,” Journal of Military
History 69 (July 2005): 737–758.
(11)
On applying economic signaling theory to the space race,
see MacDonald, The Long Space Age,
7–11, 160–206.
(12)
Dwayne A. Day, John M. Logsdon, and Brian Latell, eds.,
Eye in the Sky: The Story of the Corona Spy
Satellites (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution
Press, 1998); James E. David, Spies and
Shuttles: NASA’s Secret Relationships with the DoD and
CIA (Gainesville: University Press of Florida,
2015).
(13)
Margaret A. Weitekamp, Right Stuff,
Wrong Sex: America’s First Women in Space Program
(Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press,
2004).
(14)
John M. Logsdon, John F. Kennedy
and the Race to the Moon (New York: Palgrave Macmillan,
2010); Michael R. Beschloss, “Kenney and the Decision to Go to the
Moon,” in Spaceflight and the Myth of
Presidential Leadership, edited by Roger D. Launius and
Howard E. McCurdy (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997),
51–67.
(15)
A readable history of Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo from the
engineers’ point of view is Charles Murray and Catherine Bly Cox,
Apollo: The Race to the Moon (New
York: Simon & Schuster, 1989).
(16)
On the Soviet program in the sixties, see Siddiqi,
Challenge to
Apollo.
(17)
John M. Logsdon, After Apollo?
Richard Nixon and the American Space Program (New York:
Palgrave Macmillan, 2015); Joan Hoff, “The Presidency, Congress, and the
Deceleration of the U.S. Space Program in the 1970s,” in Launius and
McCurdy, Spaceflight and the Myth,
92–132.
(18)
Asif A. Siddiqi, “Soviet Space Power during the Cold War,”
in Harnessing the Heavens: National Defense
through Space, edited by Paul G. Gillespie and Grant T.
Weller (Chicago: Imprint Publications, 2008),
135–150.
(19)
Angelina Callahan, “The Origins and Flagship Project of
NASA’s International Program: The Ariel Case Study,” in NASA Spaceflight: A History of Innovation,
edited by Roger D. Launius and Howard E. McCurdy (Chur: Palgrave
Macmillan, 2017), 33–55; Andrew B. Godefroy, Defence and Discovery: Canada’s Military Space Program,
1945–74 (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2011); J. Krige, A. Russo,
and L. Sebesta, A History of the European Space
Agency 1958–1987, 2 vols. (Noordwijk: ESA, 2000); Iris
Chang, Thread of the Silkworm (New
York: Basic Books, 1995); Gregory Kulacki and Jeffrey G. Lewis,
A Place for One’s Mat: China’s Space
Program, 1956–2003 (Cambridge, MA: American Academy of
Arts and Sciences, 2009),
https://www.amacad.org/publications/spaceChina.pdf,
accessed November 22, 2017.
(20)
Roger D. Launius, Space Stations:
Base Camps to the Stars (Washington, DC: Smithsonian
Books, 2003).
(21)
Michael J. Neufeld, “The ‘von Braun Paradigm’ and NASA’s
Long-Term Planning for Human Spaceflight,” in NASA’s First 50 Years: Historical Perspectives, edited
by Steven J. Dick (Washington, DC: NASA, 2010), 325–347; Lyn Ragsdale,
“Politics Not Science: The U.S. Space Program in the Reagan and Bush
Years,” in Launius and McCurdy, Spaceflight and
the Myth, 133–171, esp. 156–161.
(22)
Logsdon, After Apollo?,
143–301; Heppenheimer, Countdown,
305–328.
(23)
John M. Logsdon, “Selling the Space Shuttle: Early
Developments,” in Launius and McCurdy, NASA
Spaceflight, 185–214. For a study of how NASA and the
media framed the shuttle and space station, see Valerie Neal, Spaceflight in the Shuttle Era and Beyond: Redefining
Humanity’s Purpose in Space (New Haven: Yale University
Press, 2017).
(24)
Frances FitzGerald, Way Out There
in the Blue: Reagan, Star Wars and the End of the Cold
War (New York: Simon & Schuster,
2000).
الفصل الثالث: علوم الفضاء واستكشافه
(1)
Paul Ceruzzi, “An Unforeseen Revolution: Computers and
Expectations, 1935–1985,” in Imagining Tomorrow:
History, Technology, and the American Future, edited by
Joseph J. Corn (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986), 188–201; Roger D. Launius
and Howard E. McCurdy, Robots in Space: Technology,
Evolution, and Interplanetary Travel (Baltimore: Johns
Hopkins University Press, 2008).
(2)
DeVorkin, Science with a
Vengeance.
(3)
Abigail Foerstner, James Van Allen:
The First Eight Billion Miles (Iowa City: University of
Iowa Press, 2007).
(4)
Wesley T. Huntress Jr. and Mikhail Ya. Marov, Soviet Robots in the Solar System: Mission
Technologies and the Discoveries (Chichester, UK:
Springer Praxis, 2011), 67–142; Edward Clinton Ezell and Linda Neuman
Ezell, On Mars: Exploration of the Red Planet,
1958–1978 (Washington, DC: NASA, 1984),
25–50.
(5)
Koppes, JPL, 113–133,
161–184.
(6)
Needell, Science,
155–162.
(7)
William David Compton, Where No Man
Has Gone Before: A History of Apollo Lunar Exploration
Missions (Washington, DC: NASA,
1989).
(8)
Huntress and Marov, Soviet
Robots, 21–25.
(9)
Ibid., 143–366.
(10)
Robert S. Kraemer, Beyond the Moon:
A Golden Age of Planetary Exploration, 1971–1978
(Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2000); Ezell and Ezell,
On Mars; W. Henry Lambright,
Why Mars: NASA and the Politics of Space
Exploration (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,
2014), 17–69.
(11)
DeVorkin, Science with a
Vengeance.
(12)
David DeVorkin, “The Space Age and Disciplinary Change in
Astronomy,” in Dick, NASA’s First 50
Years, 389–426; Robert W. Smith, “The Making of Space
Astronomy: A Gift of the Cold War,” in Earth-Bound to Satellite: Telescopes, Skills and
Networks, edited by A. D. Morrison-Low, Sven Dupre,
Stephen Johnston, and Giorgio Strano (Leiden: Brill, 2011),
235–249.
(13)
David H. DeVorkin, Fred Whipple’s
Empire: The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory,
1955–1973 (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution
Scholarly Press, 2018).
(14)
Robert W. Smith, The Space
Telescope: A Study of NASA, Science, Technology and
Politics, revised edition with a new afterword
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993); W. Henry Lambright, “Big
Science in Space: Viking, Cassini, and the Hubble,” in Exploring the Solar System: The History and Science of
Planetary Exploration, edited by Roger D. Launius (New
York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), 129–148.
(15)
Karl Hufbauer, Exploring the Sun:
Solar Science since Galileo (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1991), 160–312.
(16)
Smith, “The Making of Space
Astronomy.”
(17)
Steven J. Dick, Life on Other
Worlds: The 20th-Century Extraterrestrial Life Debate
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998),
169–199.
(18)
See the contributions of Edward S. Goldstein, James R.
Fleming, and Erik M. Conway in Dick, NASA’s
First 50 Years, 503–585, and those of Erik M. Conway,
Andrew K. Johnston, and Roger D. Launius in Launius, Exploring the Solar System,
183–243.
(19)
John M. Logsdon, “The Survival Crisis of the US Solar
System Exploration Program in the 1980s,” in Launius, Exploring the Solar System,
45–76.
(20)
On the mirror flaw, see the afterword in Smith, The Space Telescope; Roger D. Launius and
David H. DeVorkin, eds., Hubble’s Legacy:
Reflections by Those Who Dreamed It, Built It, and Observed the
Universe with It (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution
Scholarly Press, 2014),
http://opensi.si.edu/index.php/smithsonian/catalog/book/57,
accessed November 22, 2017.
(21)
Huntress and Marov, Soviet
Robots, 367–405.
(22)
Howard E. McCurdy, Faster, Better,
Cheaper: Low-Cost Innovation in the U.S. Space Program
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001); Peter J. Westwick,
Into the Black: JPL and the American Space
Program, 1976–2004 (New Haven: Yale University Press,
2007).
(23)
Michael J. Neufeld, “Transforming Solar System Exploration:
The Origins of the Discovery Program, 1989–1993,” Space Policy 30 (2014): 5–12; Erik M.
Conway, Exploration and Engineering: The Jet
Propulsion Laboratory and the Quest for Mars (Baltimore:
Johns Hopkins University Press, 2015), 87–139.
(24)
Conway, Exploration,
140–343; Michael J. Neufeld, “The Discovery Program: Competition,
Innovation, and Risk in Planetary Exploration,” in Launius and McCurdy,
NASA Spaceflight, 267–290, and my
“First Mission to Pluto: Policy, Politics, Science and Technology in the
Origins of New Horizons, 1989–2003,” Historical
Studies in the Natural Sciences 44 (2014):
234–276.
(25)
Arturo Russo, “Parachuting onto Another World: The European
Space Agency’s Huygens Mission to Titan,” in Launius, Exploring the Solar System, 275–321, and
his “Europe’s Path to Mars: The European Space Agency’s Mars Express
Mission,” Historical Studies in the Natural
Sciences 41 (2011): 123–178; Patrick Besha, “Policy
Making in China’s Space Program: A History and Analysis of the Chang’e
Lunar Orbiter Project,” Space Policy
26 (2010): 214–221.
الفصل الرابع: البنية التحتية للفضاء العالمي
(1)
Jürgen Osterhammel and Neils P. Petersson, Globalization: A Short History (Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 2005).
(2)
Day, Logsdon, and Latell, Eye in
the Sky; Jeffrey T. Richelson, America’s Secret Eyes in Space: The U.S. Keyhole Spy Satellite
Program (New York: Harper & Row. 1990);
contributions by Henry R. Hertzfeld and Ray A. Williamson; Erik M.
Conway; David J. Whalen; and W. Henry Lambright in Societal Impact of Spaceflight, edited by
Steven J. Dick and Roger D. Launius (Washington, DC: NASA, 2007),
237–330.
(3)
Peter Gorin, “ZENIT: The Soviet Response to CORONA,” in
Day, Logsdon, and Latell, Eye in the
Sky, 157–170; Siddiqi, “Soviet Space Power”; Bart
Hendrickx, “A History of Soviet/Russian Meteorological Satellites,”
JBIS Space Chronicle 57 (2004),
suppl. 1: 56–102.
(4)
Erik M. Conway, “Satellites and Security: Space in Service
to Humanity,” in Dick and Launius, Societal
Impact, 267–288, and his Atmospheric Science at NASA: A History (Baltimore: Johns
Hopkins University Press, 2008).
(5)
Jeffrey T. Richelson, America’s
Space Sentinels: The History of the DSP and SBIRS Satellite
Systems, 2nd ed. (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas,
2012); Pavel Podvig, “History and the Current Status of the Russian
Early-Warning System,” Science and Global
Security 10 (2002): 21–60,
http://russianforces.org/podvig/2002/03/history_and_the_current_status.shtml,
accessed November 22, 2017.
(6)
Declassified GAMBIT and HEXAGON official histories and
information are available at
http://www.nro.gov/history/csnr/gambhex/, accessed
November 22, 2017.
(7)
Richelson, America’s Secret
Eyes.
(8)
Asif A. Siddiqi, “Staring at the Sea: The Soviet Rorsat and
Eorsat Programmes,” JBIS 52 (1999):
397–416.
(9)
On the impact of satellite-enabled global transparency on
the Cold War, see John Lewis Gaddis, “The Long Peace: Elements of
Stability in the Postwar International System,” International Security 10 (4) (Spring 1986):
99–142.
(10)
Roger D. Launius, “Global Instantaneous Telecommunications
and the Development of Satellite Technology,” in Launius and McCurdy,
NASA Spaceflight,
57–87.
(11)
On advocacy for deploying weapons, and on comsats in the
U.S. military, see the contributions of Everett C. Dolman,
“Astropolitics and Astropolitik
Strategy and Space Deployment,” and Rick W. Sturdevant, “Giving Voice to
Global Reach, Global Power: Satellite Communications in U.S. Military
Affairs, 1966–2007,” respectively, in Gillespie and Weller, Harnessing the Heavens, 111–133 and
191–213.
(12)
Martin J. Collins, A Telephone for
the World: Iridium, Motorola, and the Making of a Global
Age (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,
2018).
(13)
Paul Ceruzzi, GPS
(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2018); Richard D. Easton and Eric F. Frazier,
GPS Declassified: From Smart Bombs to
Smartphones (n.p.: Potomac Books,
2013).
(14)
Ceruzzi, GPS; Rick W.
Sturdevant, “NAVSTAR, the Global Positioning System: A Sampling of Its
Military, Civil, and Commercial Impact,” in Dick and Launius, Societal Impact,
331–351.
(15)
Satellite Industry Association, “State of the Satellite
Industry Report,” May 2012,
https://www.sia.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/FINAL-2012-State-of-Satellite-Industry-Report-20120522.pdf,
accessed November 24, 2017.
(16)
Dean Cheng, “The Long March Upward: A Review of China’s
Space Program,” in Gillespie and Weller, Harnessing the Heavens, 151–163.
الفصل الخامس: الثقافة الفلكية: رحلات الفضاء والخيال
(1)
Alexander C. T. Geppert, “European Astrofuturism, Cosmic
Provincialism; Historicizing the Space Age,” in Imagining Outer Space: European Astroculture in the Twentieth
Century, edited by Alexander C. T. Geppert (Basingstoke, UK:
Palgrave Macmillan, 2012), 8.
(2)
Brian W. Aldiss, with David Wingrove, Trillion Year Spree: The History of Science
Fiction (New York: Atheneum, 1986); David Seed, Science Fiction: A Very Short Introduction
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013).
(3)
Winter, “The Silent Revolution”; Koppes, JPL, 8, 19.
(4)
DeWitt Douglas Kilgore, Astrofuturism: Science, Race, and Visions of Utopia in
Space (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press,
2003), 2; McCurdy, Space and the American
Imagination, 29–51.
(5)
Siddiqi, The Red Rockets’
Glare, 290–313.
(6)
Steven J. Dick, Plurality of
Worlds: The Origins of the Extraterrestrial Life Debate from
Democritus to Kant (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1982); Michael J. Crowe, The
Extraterrestrial Life Debate, 1750–1900: The Idea of the Plurality
of Worlds from Kant to Lowell (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1986).
(7)
Robert Markley, Dying Planet: Mars
in Science and the Imagination (Durham, NC: Duke
University Press, 2005); K. Maria D. Lane, Geographies of Mars: Seeing and Knowing the Red Planet
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011).
(8)
Dick, Life on Other
Worlds, 137–168; Greg Eghigian, “‘A Transatlantic Buzz’:
Flying Saucers, Extraterrestrials, and America in Postwar Germany,”
Journal of Transatlantic Studies,
12 (2014): 282–303; Alexander C. T. Geppert, “Extraterrestrial
Encounters: UFOs, Science and the Quest For Transcendence, 1947–1972,”
History and Technology 28
(September 2012): 335–362.
(9)
McCurdy, Space and the American
Imagination, 109–137; Dick, Life
on Other Worlds, 53–65.
(10)
Dick, Life on Other
Worlds, 200–235.
(11)
Michael J. Neufeld, ed., Spacefarers: Images of Astronauts and Cosmonauts in the Heroic Age
of Spaceflight (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution
Scholarly Press, 2013), especially the contributions of Margaret A.
Weitekamp, Matthew H. Hersch, James Spiller, Andrew Jenks, and Trevor S.
Rockwell.
(12)
Matthew H. Hersch, “‘Capsules Are Swallowed’: The Mythology
of the Pilot in American Spaceflight,” in Neufeld, Spacefarers, 35–55, and his Inventing the American Astronaut (New York:
Palgrave Macmillan, 2012).
(13)
James T. Andrews and Asif A. Siddiqi, eds., Into the Cosmos: Space Exploration and Soviet
Culture (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press,
2011), especially Asif A. Siddiqi, “Cosmic Contradictions, Popular
Enthusiasm and Secrecy in the Soviet Space Program,” 47–76, and Slava
Gerovitch, “The Human inside a Propaganda Machine: The Public Image and
Professional Identity of Soviet Cosmonauts,”
77–106.
(14)
Slava Gerovitch, Soviet Space
Mythologies: Public Images, Private Memories, and the Making of a
Cultural Identity (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh
Press, 2015); Andrew Jenks, “The Sincere Deceiver: Yuri Gagarin and the
Search for a Higher Truth,” in Andrews and Siddiqi, Into the Cosmos, 107–132; Andrew L. Jenks,
The Cosmonaut Who Wouldn’t Stop Smiling: The
Life and Legend of Yuri Gagarin (Dekalb: Northern
Illinois University Press, 2012).
(15)
Maurer, Richers, Rüthers and Scheide, Soviet Space Culture, especially Asif A.
Siddiqi, “From Cosmic Enthusiasm to Nostalgia for the Future: A Tale of
Soviet Space Culture,” 283–306; Andrews and Siddiqi, Into the Cosmos.
(16)
Matthew D. Tribbe, No Requiem for
the Space Age: The Apollo Moon Landings and American
Culture (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014); Neal,
Spaceflight in the Shuttle Era,
63–98. For the best biography of an astronaut, see James R. Hansen,
First Man: The Life of Neil A.
Armstrong (New York: Simon & Schuster,
2005).
(17)
Weitekamp, Right Stuff, Wrong
Sex; Neil M. Maher, Apollo in the
Age of Aquarius (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,
2017), 10–53, 137–182.
(18)
Jennifer Ross-Nazzal, “You’ve Come a Long Way, Maybe: The
First Six Women Astronauts and the Media,” in Neufeld, Spacefarers, 175–201; Amy E. Foster,
Integrating Women into the Astronaut Corps:
Politics and Logistics at NASA, 1972–2004 (Baltimore: The
Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011).
(19)
Roshanna P. Silvester, “She Orbits over the Sex Barrier:
Soviet Girls and the Tereshkova Moment,” in Andrews and Siddiqi,
Into the Cosmos, 195–212; Neal,
Spaceflight in the Shuttle Era,
83–98.
(20)
Benjamin Lazier, “Earthrise, or the Globalization of the
World Picture,” American Historical
Review 116 (June 2011), 602–30; Robert Poole, Earthrise: How Man First Saw the Earth (New
Haven: Yale University Press, 2008); Maher, Apollo in the Age of Aquarius,
93–136.
(21)
Alexander C. T. Geppert, “Where the Beyond Begins: Pierre
Teilhard de Chardin and the Spatialization of Space …,” unpublished
article, courtesy Alexander Geppert.
(22)
Steven J. Dick, “Space, Time and Aliens: The Role of the
Imagination in Outer Space,” in Geppert, Imagining Outer Space, 27–44; Steven J. Dick and Mark L.
Lupisella, Cosmos and Culture: Cultural
Evolution in a Cosmic Context (Washington, DC: NASA,
2009); Keay Davidson, Carl Sagan: A
Life (New York: John Wiley & Sons,
1999).
(23)
Elizabeth A. Kessler, Picturing the
Cosmos: Hubble Space Telescope Images and the Astronomical
Sublime (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press,
2012).
(24)
Teasel Muir-Harmony, “Selling Space Capsules, Moon Rocks,
and America: Spaceflight in U.S. Public Diplomacy, 1961–1979,” in
Reasserting America in the 1970s,
edited by Hallvard Notiker, Giles Scott-Smith, and David J. Snyder
(Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2016), 127–142; Maurer,
Richers, Rüthers, and Scheide, Soviet Space
Culture, 167–225.
(25)
James R. Hansen, “The Taikonaut as Icon: The Cultural and Political
Significance of Yang Liwei, China’s First Space Traveler,” in Dick and
Launius, Societal Impact,
103–117.
الفصل السادس: رحلات الفضاء المأهولة بعد الحرب الباردة
(1)
George H. W. Bush speech, July 20, 1989,
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=17321, accessed
November 7, 2017; George W. Bush speech, January 14, 2004,
https://www.nasa.gov/missions/solarsystem/bush_vision.html,
accessed October 6, 2017; Neal, Spaceflight in the
Shuttle Era, 176–190.
(2)
Michael Cassutt, “Secret Space Shuttles,” Air & Space Smithsonian, August
2009,
https://www.airspacemag.com/space/secret-space-shuttles-35318554/,
accessed October 9, 2017.
(3)
Ragsdale, “Politics not Science,” in Launius and McCurdy,
Spaceflight and the Myth, 156–61;
Neal, Spaceflight in the Shuttle Era,
134–162.
(4)
Thor Hogan, Mars Wars: The Rise and
Fall of the Space Exploration Initiative (Washington, DC:
NASA, 2007); Neufeld, “The ‘von Braun Paradigm.’”
(5)
Marcia S. Smith, “NASA’s Space Station Program: Evolution
and Current Status, Testimony before the House Science Committee,” April
4, 2001, https://history.nasa.gov/isstestimony2001.pdf,
accessed October 15, 2017; Launius, Space
Stations, 151–163.
(6)
Launius, Space Stations,
163–173.
(7)
Ibid., 175–194.
(8)
Diane Vaughan, The Challenger
Launch Decision: Risky Technology, Culture and Deviance at
NASA (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996);
Columbia Accident Investigation Board, Report
Volume 1 (Washington, DC: NASA,
2003).
(9)
Kulacki and Lewis, A Place for
One’s Mat, 19–29; Hansen, “The Taikonaut as Icon.”
(10)
Chris Dubbs and Emiline Paat-Dahlstrom, Realizing Tomorrow: The Path to Private
Spaceflight (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press,
2011); Julian Guthrie, How to Make a Spaceship:
A Band of Renegades, an Epic Race and the Birth of Private Space
Flight (New York: Penguin Press,
2016).
(11)
Christian Davenport, The Space
Barons: Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, and the Quest to Colonize the
Cosmos (New York: Public Affairs,
2018).
(12)
John M. Logsdon, “Encouraging New Space Firms,” and W.
Henry Lambright, “NASA, Industry, and the Commercial Crew Development
Program: The Politics of Partnership,” respectively, in Launius and
McCurdy, NASA Spaceflight, 237–265
and 349–377.
(13)
Lambright, “NASA, Industry,”
365–375.
(14)
Glen R. Asner and Stephen J. Garber, Origins of 21st Century Spaceflight: A History of
NASA’s Decadal Planning Team and the Vision for Space Exploration,
1999–2004 (Washington, DC: NASA,
2018).
الخاتمة: ماضي رحلات الفضاء ومُستقبلها
(1)
Launius and McCurdy, Robots in
Space.
(2)
For a worst-case scenario in the form of a novella, see Naomi
Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, The Collapse of Western
Civilization: A View from the Future (New York: Columbia
University Press, 2014).
