مراجع
الفصل الأول
The quotations from the Hippocratic
works ‘On the Sacred Disease’ and ‘Aphorisms’ are taken from Francis
Adams (ed.), The Genuine Works of
Hippocrates, 2 vols (London: The Sydenham Society,
1849). Shakespeare’s question about the seat of fancy comes from
The Merchant of Venice, Act 3.
الفصل الثاني
Sydenham’s famous comment about the
constancy of symptoms in different persons suffering from the same
disease was made in his Medical
Observations. I have used R. G. Latham (ed.),
The Works of Thomas Sydenham,
2 vols (London: The Sydenham Society, 1848).
الفصل الثالث
Antoine Fourcroy’s summary of the basis
of Parisian medical education is quoted in Erwin Ackerknecht,
Medicine at the Paris Hospital,
1794–1848 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,
1967); Bichat’s ringing injunction also is quoted in Ackerknecht’s
monograph. The phrase ‘gateways to death’ as a description of bad
hospitals originated with the physician and man of letters John
Aikin (1747–1822), now better known as a writer than a physician.
Francis Bacon’s phrase ‘Footsteps of diseases’ comes from his
Advancement of Learning,
originally published in 1605.
الفصل الرابع
Edward VII’s stirring directive, said
of tuberculosis, is quoted in Thomas Dormandy, The White Death: A History of
Tuberculosis (London: Hambledon Press, 1999), with
the note that Edward was cribbing from William Withering, the
physician who introduced digitalis into clinical medicine in 1785.
Mr Gradgrind’s insistence on ‘Facts’ is a recurring trope in Charles
Dickens’s Hard Times, first
published in 1854.
الفصل الخامس
Robert Hooke used the word ‘cell’ in
his Micrographia (1665).
Löffler’s summary of the steps we know as ‘Koch’s Postulates’ is
quoted in Thomas D. Brock, Robert Koch: A
Life in Medicine and Bacteriology (Madison,
Wisconsin: Science Tech Publishers, 1988).
الفصل السادس
William Wordsworth’s memorable phrase
first appeared in his poem ‘The Tables Turned’, published in 1798.
Ivan Illich elaborated his notion of ‘iatrogenesis’ in several
works, most centrally in Medical Nemesis:
The Expropriation of Health (London: Calder and
Boyars, 1975). C. P. Snow’s lecture on what he called The Two Cultures was published by
Cambridge University Press in 1959.
