ملاحظات
الفصل الأول: الورم في العائلة
(1)
When referring to the etymology of words
throughout this book, Online
Etymology Dictionary was my reference point;
see
www.etymology.com.
(2)
“More Patients Will Die of Pancreatic Cancer Than Breast Cancer,” Pancreatic Cancer
Action Network,
January 7, 2016,
https://www.pancan.org/about-us/news-press-center/2016-press-releases/press-release-january-7-2016-cancer-statistics-2016-report/.
(3)
“Cancer Facts and Figures 2016,”
American Cancer Society, http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@research/documents/document/acspc-047079.pdf.
(4)
Note that statistics in the text are most often
for the United States. Breast, lung, colon, and
prostate are the most common cancers in the United
States, in the United Kingdom, and worldwide. While
cancer-related statistics are often roughly the same in
the United Kingdom as in the United States, incidence
and mortality rates vary, medical systems and treatment
protocols vary from country to country, and similar
statistics are not necessarily determined in the same
ways. Pancreatic cancer in the United Kingdom has an
overall 5 percent, five-year survival rate, for
instance, which is a few percentage points lower than
in the United States, but there exists “no UKwide
statistics for pancreatic cancer survival by stage,” as
there does in the United States. “Survival Statistics
for Pancreatic Cancer,” Cancer Research UK,
https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/bulletins/deathsregistrationsummarytables/2015.
(5)
Lola Rahib, Benjamin D. Smith, Rhonda Aizenberg,
Allison B. Rosenzweig, Julie M. Fleshman, and Lynn M.
Matrisian, “Predicting Cancer Incidence and Deaths to
2030,” Cancer
Research 74:11 (June 2014),
http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/74/11/2913.
(6)
“Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2013-2014,”
American Cancer Society,
http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@research/documents/document/acspc-042725.pdf.
(7)
“SEER Stats Fact Sheets: Breast Cancer,” National
Cancer Institute,
http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.html.
(8)
“SEER Stats Fact Sheets: Pancreas Cancer,”
National Cancer Institute,
http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/pancreas.html.
(9)
“Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2013-2014,”
American Cancer Society.
(10)
“Common Cancer Types,” American Cancer Society,
http://www.cancer.gov/types/common-cancers.
(11)
Siddhartha Mukherjee, The
Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of
Cancer (New York: Scribner, 2010),
154.
(12)
“‘UK Astronaut’ Piers Sellers on Living with
Cancer,” BBC Online, January 21, 2016,
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-35374271.
(13)
Randy Pausch, “Really Achieving Your Childhood
Dreams,” Carnegie Mellon, YouTube, September 18, 2007,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ji5_MqicxSo.
(14)
Mukherjee, The Emperor of
All Maladies, 154.
(15)
Lynn Sherr, Sally Ride:
America’s First Woman in Space (New York:
Simon & Schuster, 2014),
307-308.
(16)
I wrote about the year I read Tolstoy’s novella
in college and about the connections between that book
and my life in “Sweet Dreams Are Made of This,”
Dogwood: A Journal of Poetry
and Prose 15 (2016):
15–32.
(17)
Thomas J. Papadimos and Stanislaw P. A. Stawicki,
“The Death of Ivan Ilyich: A Blueprint for Intervention
at the End of Life,” International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury
Science 1:2, 125–28,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3249844/.
(18)
Patient autonomy and cultural differences are
covered in numerous articles, including the following:
N. Tchen et al., “Quality of Life and Understanding
Disease Status Among Patients of Different Ethnic
Origins,” British Journal of
Cancer 89:4 (2003), 641–47,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2376912/;
Mary S. McCabe et al., “When the Family Requests
Withholding Information: Who Owns the Truth?” Journal of Oncology Practice
6:2 (2010), 94–96,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835490/.
(19)
Ali Montezari, Azadeh Tavoli, Mohammed Ali,
Mohagheghi, Rasool Rashan, and Zahra Tavoli,
“Disclosure of Cancer Diagnosis and Quality of Life in
Cancer Patients: Should It be the Same Everywhere?”
BMC Cancer 9, 39,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2639611/.
(20)
Shekhawat Laxmi and Joad Anjum Khan, “Does the
Cancer Patient Want to Know? Results from a Study in an
Indian Tertiary Cancer Care Center,” South Asian Journal of Cancer
2:2 (2013), 57–61,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3876664/.
(21)
Atul Gawande, Being
Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End
(New York: Metropolitan Books, 2014),
2-3.
(22)
“My Big Brother,” Scrubs, Season 2, Episode 6, Touchstone
Television, ABC.
(23)
Eve Ensler, In the Body
of the World (New York: Metropolitan Books,
2013), 116-17.
(24)
Christopher Hitchens, Mortality (New York: Twelve, 2012),
7.
(25)
“SEER Stats Fact Sheets: Liver and Intrahepatic
Bile Duct Cancer,” National Cancer Institute,
http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/livibd.html.
(26)
I wrote about my father’s cancer, its possible
relationship to radiation exposure, and the Cold War in
“Strange Attraction: John Wayne and Me,” The Southern Review (Spring,
2011), 313–28.
(27)
“The 1973 Fire, National Personnel
Records
Fire,” National Archives,
http://www.archives.gov/st-louis/military-personnel/fire-1973.html.
(28)
“Radiation Compensation Exposure Act,”
US Department of Justice,
https://www.justice.gov/civil/common/reca.
(29)
Michael F. Sorrentino, Jiwon Kim, Andrew E.
Foderaro, and Alexander G. Truesdell, “5-Fluorouracil
Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Review of the Literature,”
Via Medica 19:5,
453–58,
https://journals.viamedica.pl/cardiology_journal/article/viewFile/22956/18191.
(30)
“SEER Stats Fact Sheets: Liver and Intrahepatic
Bile Duct Cancer,” National Cancer
Institute.
(31)
“Hyperplasia (ductal or lobular),” American
Cancer Society,
http://www.cancer.org/healthy/findcancerearly/womenshealth/non-cancerousbreastconditions/noncancerous-breast-conditions-hyperplasia.
(32)
“Genetics of Breast and Gynecologic Cancers
(PDQ)-Health Professional Version,” National Cancer
Institute,
http://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/breast-ovarian-genetics-pdq#link/_95.
(33)
George Johnson, The
Cancer Chronicles: Unlocking Medicine’s Deepest
Mystery (New York: Knopf, 2013),
28.
(34)
“Body Measurements,” National Center for Health
Statistics, National Center for Disease Control and
Prevention,
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/body-measurements.htm.
الفصل الثاني: البنود والشروط
(1)
William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, 1.2.47–48,
http://shakespeare.mit.edu/romeo_juliet/full.html.
(2)
“Lifetime Risk of Developing or Dying From
Cancer,” American Cancer Society,
http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancerbasics/lifetime-probability-of-developing-or-dying-from-cancer.
(3)
S. Lochlann Jain, Malignant: How Cancer Becomes Us (Berkeley:
University of California Press, 2013),
4.
(4)
George Orwell, “How the Poor Die,” The Orwell
Prize website, Now 6
(1946),
http://www.theorwellprize.co.uk/theorwell-prize/orwell/essays-and-other-works/how-the-poor-die/.
(5)
Jain, Malignant, 2.
(6)
“Vietnam Surgery Removes Tumor Twice Man’s
Weight,” CNN, January 8, 2012,
http://www.cnn.com/2012/01/06/health/vietnam-tumor.
(7)
Vellanki Venkata Sujatha and Sunkavalli Chinna
Babu, “Giant ovarian serous cystadenoma in a
postmenopausal woman: a case report,” Cases Journal 2, July 23,
2009,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2740039/.
(8)
“Diagnosis and Treatment,” The Desmoid Tumor
Research Foundation,
http://dtrf.org/diagnosis-and-treatment/.
(9)
“Malignant (adj.),” Online Etymology Dictionary,
http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=malignant.
(10)
Susan Gubar, Memoir of a
Debulked Woman (New York: W. W. Norton,
2012), 13.
(11)
Mukherjee, The Emperor of
All Maladies, 38.
(12)
William Shakespeare, As
You Like It, 2.7,
https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poem/you-it-act-ii-scene-vii-all-worlds-stage.
(13)
“How Is Breast Cancer Staged?”
American Cancer Society,
www.cancer.org/cancer/breastcancer/detailedguide/breast-cancer-staging.
(14)
Carla Malden, Afterimage: A Brokenhearted Memoir of a
Charmed Life (Guilford, CT: Skirt!, 2011),
25.
(15)
Ensler, In
the Body of the World,
87-88.
(16)
“Metastasis (n.),” Etymology
Online Dictionary,
http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=metastasis.
(17)
Malden, Afterimage, 99.
(18)
Ibid., 132.
الفصل الثالث: الذات/الآخر
(1)
Mukherjee, The Emperor of
All Maladies, 6.
(2)
Johnson, The Cancer
Chronicles, 28.
(3)
E. Bianconi et al., “An Estimation of the Number
of Cells in the Human Body,” Annals of Human Biology 40:6 (July 5,
2013), 463–71,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23829164.
(4)
Christian Tomasetti and Bert Vogelstein, “Cancer
Etiology: Variation in Cancer Risk Among Tissues Can Be
Explained by the Number of Stem Cell Divisions,”
Science 347 (January
2, 2015): 78–81,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25554788.
(5)
Jennifer Couzin-Frankel, “The Simple Math
Explains Why You May (or May Not) Get Cancer,”
Science, January 1,
2015,
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/01/simple-math-explains-why-you-may-or-may-not-get-cancer.
(6)
Ibid.
(7)
Ibid.
(8)
“SEER Stats Fact Sheets: Colon and Rectum
Cancer,” National Cancer Institute,
http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/colorect.html.
(9)
“SEER Stats Fact Sheets: Brain and Other Nervous
System Cancer,” National Cancer Institute,
http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/brain.html.
(10)
Jennifer Couzin-Frankel, “Bad Luck and Cancer: A
Science Reporter’s Reflections on a Controversial
Story,” Science,
January 13, 2015,
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/01/bad-luck-and-cancer-science-reporter-s-reflectionscontroversial-story.
(11)
Mukherjee, The Emperor of
All Maladies, 16.
(12)
Ibid., 6.
(13)
“Small Potatoes,” The
X-Files, 20th Century Fox, April 20,
1997.
(14)
Naohiku Kuno, “Mature Ovarian Cystic Teratoma
with a Highly Differentiated Homunculus: A Case Study,”
Birth Defects Research Part A:
Clinical and Molecular Teratology, October
28, 2003,
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14745894.
(15)
Michael Munn, John Wayne:
The Man Behind the Myth (New York: Penguin,
2005), 257.
(16)
“Perceptions of Cancer in Society Must Change,”
The Lancet 17:3
(March, 2016), 257,
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(16)00091-7/fulltext.
(17)
Gilda Radner, It’s Always
Something (New York: Simon &
Schuster, 2009), 75.
(18)
Ibid., 59.
(19)
“Perceptions of Cancer in Society Must Change,”
257.
(20)
Susan Gubar, Reading
& Writing Cancer: How Words Heal (New
York: W. W. Norton, 2016), 7.
(21)
Ibid., 8.
(22)
Christine Lennon, “Ovarian Cancer: Fighting for a
Cure,” Harper’s
Bazaar, June 3, 2009,
http://www.harpersbazaar.com/beauty/health/news/a391/barack-obama-ovarian-cancer/.
(23)
Radner, It’s Always
Something, 59.
(24)
Hitchens, Mortality, 6.
(25)
Ibid., 7.
(26)
“Loved Ones Recall Local Man’s Cowardly Battle
with Cancer,” The
Onion, February 24, 1999,
http://www.theonion.com/article/loved-ones-recall-local-mans-cowardly-battle-with--772.
(27)
Emily Debrayda Phillips, Obituary, The Florida Times Union, March
31, 2015,
http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/timesunion/obituary.aspx?n=emily-debraydaphillips&pid=174524066&.
(28)
Ibid.
(29)
Emily Dickinson, “Because I Could Not Stop for
Death,” Academy Of American Poets,
https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poem/because-i-could-not-stop-death-479.
(30)
Gubar, Memoir of a
Debulked Woman, 29.
(31)
Ibid.
(32)
Hitchens, Mortality, 89.
(33)
Ensler, In the Body of
the World, 113.
(34)
“Staying Safe Around Bears,” US National Park
Service,
https://www.nps.gov/subjects/bears/safety.htm.
(35)
Italics mine. Jimmy Carter, “The State of the
Union Address Delivered Before a Joint Session of
Congress,” The American Presidency Project, January 23,
1980,
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=33079.
(36)
“A Promise Renewed: Fiscal Year 2015 Annual
Report,” Susan G. Komen Foundation, 2015,
https://www.komen.org/uploadedFiles/_Komen/Content/About_Us/Financial_Reports/SGK-2015-Annual-Report-reader.pdf.
(37)
“We Wage Hope: 2014 Impact Report,” Pancreatic
Cancer Action Network, 2014,
https://www.pancan.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/PCAN-Impact-Report-2014-sm.pdf.
(38)
Return of Organization Exempt from Tax (Form
990), National Pancreatic Cancer Foundation,
http://www.npcf.us/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/F990-2015.pdf.
(39)
“Cancer Among Women,” Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention,
https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/data/women.htm.
(40)
“Cancer Disparities,” National Cancer Institute,
http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/disparities.
(41)
“Funding for Research Areas,” National Cancer
Institute,
http://www.cancer.gov/about-nci/budget/fact-book/data/research-funding.
(42)
Ibid.
(43)
“Current Grants by Cancer Type,” American Cancer
Society,
http://www.cancer.org/research/currentlyfundedcancerresearch/grants-by-cancer-type.
(44)
“CSR Insider’s Guide to Peer Review,” Center for
Scientific Review, National Institutes of Health,
http://public.csr.nih.gov/aboutcsr/NewsAndPublications/Publications/Pages/InsidersGuide.aspx.
(45)
Barbara Ehrenreich, “Welcome to Cancerland,”
Harper’s Magazine,
November 2001, 43–53.
(46)
Breast Prosthesis Program, Nordstrom,
http://shop.nordstrom.com/c/prosthesis-program.
(47)
Rachel Kassnebrock, “Breast Cancer Industry Month
Is Here!” Ms.
Magazine, October 13, 2014,
http://msmagazine.com/blog/2014/10/13/breast-cancer-industry-month-is-here/.
(48)
Ibid.
(49)
Lucy Grealy, Autobiography of a Face (New York: Harper
Perennial, 1994), 7.
(50)
Gubar, Memoir of a
Debulked Woman, 89.
(51)
In addition to how I discuss social identity and
selfcategorization theories here, scholars are
exploring ways in which these dynamics affect patient
care. For instance, oncologists may use social identity
to stereotype a patient in ways detrimental to positive
outcomes. For one such examination, see Jake Harwood
and Lisa Sparks, “Social Identity and Health:
Intergroup Communication Approach to Cancer,” Health Communication 15:2
(2003), 145–59.
(52)
Susan Sontag, Illness as
Metaphor (New York: Farrar, Straus and
Giroux, 1978), 3.
(53)
Hitchens, Mortality, 3.
(54)
Ibid.
(55)
Ibid., 28.
(56)
Gubar, Memoir of a
Debulked Woman, 89.
(57)
Gubar, Reading &
Writing Cancer,
preface.
(58)
Ibid.
(59)
Kelly Corrigan, The
Middle Place (New York: Hyperion, 2008),
154.
(60)
Ibid.
(61)
Meghan O’Rourke, The Long
Goodbye (New York: Riverhead Books, 2011),
88-89.
(62)
Jain, Malignant, 3.
(63)
Hitchens, Mortality, 11.
(64)
Radner, It’s Always
Something, 206.
(65)
“Leading Causes of Death,” National Center for
Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention,
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/leading-causesof-death.htm.
“Deaths Registered in England and Wales: 2015,” Office
for National Statistics,
https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/bulletins/deathsregistrationsummarytables/2015.
الفصل الرابع: جزء لا يتجزَّأ
(1)
“Mammogram Basics,” American Cancer Society,
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection.html.
(2)
“Breast Cancer Screening (PDQ),” National Cancer
Institute,
https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/breast-screening-pdq#section/all.
(3)
Ibid.
(4)
Ibid.
(5)
Ibid.
(6)
Christie Aschwanden, “I’m Just Saying No to
Mammography: Why the Numbers Are in My Favor,”
The Washington Post,
October 7, 2013,
https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/im-just-saying-no-to-mammography-why-thenumbers-are-in-my-favor/2013/10/07/733c0894-29e1-11e3-8ade-a1f23cda135e_story.html.
(7)
Paul Ehrlich, “Partial Cell Functions,” Nobel
lecture, December 11, 1908, 304–20,
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1908/ehrlich-lecture.pdf.
(8)
Ibid.
(9)
Vincent T. DeVita and Elizabeth DeVita-Raeburn,
The Death of Cancer
(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2015),
108.
(10)
Ibid., 105.
(11)
Ibid., 68-69.
(12)
“Chemotherapy for Hodgkin Disease,” American
Cancer Society,
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/hodgkin-lymphoma/treating/chemotherapy.html.
(13)
Ibid., 17.
(14)
Gawande, Being
Mortal, 167.
(15)
Ibid., 167-68.
(16)
DeVita and DeVita-Raeburn, The Death of Cancer,
26.
(17)
Gawande, Being
Mortal, 177.
(18)
DeVita and DeVita-Raeburn, The Death of Cancer,
27.
(19)
Thierry Conroy et al., “FOLFIRINOX versus
Gemcitabine for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer,”
New England Journal of
Medicine 364 (May 12, 2011): 1817–25,
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1011923.
(20)
“Information for Health Care Providers,” Centers
for Disease Control,
http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/preventinfections/providers.htm.
(21)
Rhonda Pickett, email, February 19,
2015.
(22)
Ibid.
(23)
Donna D. Ignatavicius and M. Linda Workman,
Medical-Surgical Nursing:
Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
(Amsterdam: Elsevier Health Sciences, 2015),
196.
(24)
Patricia Grace King, “The Cancer Diaries: Week
Two,” June 21, 2014,
http://www.patriciagraceking.com/uncategorized/the-cancer-diaries-week-two/.
الفصل الخامس: الداخل/الخارج
(1)
“Health Effects of the Chernobyl Accident: An
Overview,” World Health Organization, April 2006,
http://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/chernobyl/backgrounder/en/.
(2)
Jimmy Carter, Why Not the
Best? The First Fifty Years, reprint
(Fayetteville, AR: University of Arkansas Press, 1996),
54.
(3)
Ibid.
(4)
Denise Grady, “In a Former First Family, Cancer
Has a Grim Legacy,” New York
Times, August 7, 2007,
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/07/health/07jimm.html.
(5)
Erwin Schrӧdinger, What
Is Life?, 1944 (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge
University Press, 2012), 1.
(6)
Carina Storrs, “How Much Do CT Scans Increase the
Risk of Cancer?” Scientific
American, July 1, 2013,
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-much-ct-scans-increase-risk-cancer/.
(7)
Ibid.
(8)
Ibid.
(9)
Nicholas Palvidis, Georgio Stanta, and Riccardo
A. Audisio, “Cancer Prevalence and Mortality in
Centarians: A Systemic Review,” Clinical Review of Oncological Hematology
83:1 (July 2012), 145–52,
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22024388.
(10)
“Survival Rates for Melanoma Skin Cancer, by
Stage,” American Cancer Society,
http://www.cancer.org/cancer/skincancer-melanoma/detailedguide/melanoma-skin-cancersurvival-rates-by-stage.
(11)
Linda Marsa, “Immunotherapy’s Promise Against
Cancer,” U.S. News and World
Report, October 6, 2015,
http://health.usnews.com/health-news/patient-advice/articles/2015/10/06/immunotherapys-promise-against-cancer.
(12)
Andy Coghlan, “Cancer’s Penicillin Moment: Drugs
that Unleash the Immune System,” New Scientist, March 2, 2016,
www.newscientist.com/article/2078956-cancerspenicillin-moment-drugs-that-unleash-the-immune-system/.
(13)
Rhonda Pickett, email, October 13,
2016.
(14)
DeVita and DeVita-Raeburn, The Death of Cancer,
252.
(15)
Domenico Napolitani, Michelle Signore, and
Daniele C. Struppa, “Cancer Quasispecies and Stem-like
Adaptive Aneuploidy,” F1000Research 2 (December 2013),
268.
(16)
Danely P. Slaughter, Harry W. Southwick, and
Walter Smejkal, “‘Field Cancerization’ in Oral
Stratified Squamous Epithelium,” Cancer 6 (September 1953),
963–68,
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/1097-0142(195309)6:5%3C963::AIDCNCR2820060515%3E3.0.CO;2-Q/asset/2820060515_ftp.pdf?v=1&t=iufl1ugj&s=bd2f274c75ceaca14c00f0932bf9a1a3609db96f.
(17)
“Provocative Questions,” National Cancer
Institute,
https://provocativequestions.nci.nih.gov/rfa/mainquestions_listview.html.
(18)
Ibid.
(19)
Ibid.
(20)
Katy J. L. Bell, Chris Del Mar, Gordon Wright,
James Dickinson, and Paul Glasziou, “Prevalence of
Incidental Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review of
Autopsy Studies,” International
Journal of Cancer 137: 7, 1749–57,
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijc.29538/full.
(21)
Janina Marguc, Jens Förster, and
Gerben A. Van Kleef, “Stepping Back to See the Big
Picture: When Obstacles Elicit Global Processing,”
The Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology 101:5 (November 2011),
883–901.
(22)
Jeannine Gailey, “When My Doctor Said, ‘We’re
Lucky We Found the Cancer,’” The Mighty, August 12, 2016,
https://themighty.com/2016/08/does-luck-play-a-role-in-receiving-a-carcinoid-syndrome-diagnosis/.
(23)
Lucille Clifton, “1994,” Poetry
Foundation,
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems-and-poets/poems/detail/49490.
(24)
Audre Lorde, The Cancer
Journals, Aunt Lute Books,
1980.
(25)
Ibid.
(26)
Gubar, Reading &
Writing Cancer, 31.
(27)
Charles and Ray Eames (writers and directors),
Powers of Ten, IBM
Distribution, 1977,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fKBhvDjuy0.
