قائمة الصور

(1-1) The reconstructed facade of the Library of Celsus in the ruined city of Ephesus (Sorin Colac/Alamy Stock Photo).
(2-1) Map of ancient Alexandria (THEPALMER).
(2-2) Pages from the manuscript of Euclid’s Elements (The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, MS. D’Orville 301 f113v-f114r).
(2-3) A reconstruction of the Altar of Zeus at Pergamon (Ullstein Bild/Contributor).
(2-4) Anatomical votives found at the Temple of Asclepius in Athens (A Companion to Science, Technology, and Medicine in Ancient Greece and Rome by Georgia L. Irby © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Reproduced with permission of the Licensor through PLSclear).
(3-1) A reconstructed map of early Baghdad (Reprinted from Map III from Appendix D, Figures 1, 2, 5 and 6 from Appendix E from The Topography of Baghdad in the Early Middle Ages by Jacob Lassner. Copyright © 1970 Wayne State University Press, with the permission of Wayne State University Press).
(3-2) Modern reconstructions of the gates of Baghdad (Ibid.).
(3-3) Map of the Round City (Ibid.).
(3-4) The development and geographical movement of the Hindu-Arabic numerals (Encyclopedia Britannica/Contributor).
(3-5) The Banu Musas’ diagram of their self-trimming lamp (Granger Historical Picture Archive/Alamy Stock Photo).
(4-1) An early-eighteenth-century view of Córdoba (Tarker/Bridgeman Images).
(4-2) Reconstructed Arabic water wheel in Córdoba (Alain Machet (2)/Alamy Stock Photo).
(4-3) The Roman bridge over the River Guadalquivir with Córdoba on the left bank (By courtesy of the author).
(4-4) Modern reconstructions of some of al-Zahrawi’s intricate surgical instruments (Ibid.).
(5-1) An astrolabe made in Toledo (Granger Historical Picture Archive/Alamy Stock Photo).
(5-2) A fifteenth-century engraving of Toledo (PRISMA ARCHIVO/Alamy Stock Photo).
(5-3) Diagram from a manuscript of Gerard of Cremona’s translation of al-Zarqali’s Canones (Wellcome Collection).
(6-1) A nineteenth-century view of Salerno (De Agostini/Galleria Garisenda/Bridgeman Images).
(6-2) Robert II of Normandy being treated in Salerno (akg-images/Bible Land Pictures/Z. Radovan/www.BibleLandPictures).
(6-3) A page from the Circa instans (Wellcome Collection).
(7-1) A Portuguese map of Palermo harbour (The Protected Art Archive/Alamy Stock Photo).
(7-2) The Norman Palace in Palermo (Michael Wald/Alamy Stock Photo).
(7-3) Illustration of mosaics in the Martorana Church and Palatine Chapel (Florilegius/Alamy Stock Photo).
(8-1) A map of Venice in the twelfth century (Granger Historical Picture Archive/Alamy Stock Photo).
(8-2) An early printing press (Artokoloro Quint Lox Limited/Alamy Stock Photo).
(8-3) A fifteenth-century map of Venice (Age Fotostock/Alamy Stock Photo).
(8-4) First page of Ratdolt’s 1582 printed edition of The Elements (Granger Historical Picture Archive/Alamy Stock Photo).
(8-5) The Aldine ‘dolphin and anchor’ (Wellcome Collection).
(8-6) A page of Galen’s De methodus methendi (Add MS 6898, f.Iv, British Library, London, UK © British Library Board. All Rights Reserved/Bridgeman Images).
(1) Galen dissecting a pig (Wellcome Collection).
(2) ‘Bone man’ and ‘muscle man’ from Vesalius’ De humani corporis fabrica (AF Fotografie/Alamy Stock Photo).
(3) The Copernican universe (Science History Images/Alamy Stock Photo).