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قراءات إضافية

عام

النقاشات المبكرة حول اللاأدرية
  • Penelope Fitzgerald, A Protest Against Agnosticism: The Rationale or Philosophy of Belief (London: Kegan Paul, 1890).
  • Thomas Henry Huxley, Collected Essays, Vol. 5: Science and Christian Tradition (London: Macmillan, 1904).
  • Jacob Gould Schurman, Agnosticism and Religion (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1896).
  • Leslie Stephen, An Agnostic’s Apology, and Other Essays (London: Smith Elder, 1893).
  • Henry Wace, Christianity and Agnosticism: Reviews of Some Recent Attacks on the Christian Faith (Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood Sons, 1895).
  • James Ward, Naturalism and Agnosticism: The Gifford Lectures Delivered before the University of Aberdeen in the Years 1896–1898 (London: A. & C. Black, 1903).

النقاشات المعاصرة حول اللاأدرية

  • Piers Benn, ‘Some Uncertainties about Agnosticism’, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 46 (1999), 171–88.
  • H. J. Blackham, ‘What Is Agnosticism?’, Free Inquiry, 1 (1981), 31–3.
  • Alan Brinton, ‘The Reasonableness of Agnosticism’, Religious Studies, 20 (1984), 627–30.
  • Alan Brinton, ‘Agnosticism and Atheism’, Sophia, 28 (1989), 2–6.
  • Clement Dore, ‘Agnosticism’, Religious Studies, 18 (1982), 503–7.
  • Henry Jacoby, ‘Is Agnosticism Unreasonable?’, Sophia, 30 (1991), 35–41.
  • Anthony Kenny, Faith and Reason (New York: Columbia University Press, 1983).
  • Anthony Kenny, The Unknown God: Agnostic Essays (London and New York: Continuum, 2004).
  • Anthony Kenny, What I Believe (London and New York: Continuum, 2006).
  • Kenneth Kondyk, ‘Evidentialist Agnosticism’, Religious Studies (1991), 319–32.
  • Robert McLaughlin, ‘Necessary Agnosticism?’, Analysis, 44 (1984), 198–202.
  • P. J. McGrath, ‘Atheism or Agnosticism?’, Analysis, 47 (1987), 54–7.
  • Thomas Morris, ‘Agnosticism’, Analysis, 45 (1985), 219–24.
  • Graham Oppy, ‘Weak Agnosticism Defended’, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 36 (1994), 147–67.
  • Andrew Pyle (ed.), Agnosticism: Contemporary Responses to Spencer and Huxley (Bristol: Thoemmes, 1995).
  • Thomas McHugh Reed, ‘Christianity and Agnosticism’, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 52 (2002), 81–95.
  • Sven Rosenkranz, ‘Agnosticism as a Third Stance’, Mind, 116 (2007), 55–104.
  • Patrick A. Woods, ‘From the Middle Out: A Case for Agnosticism’, Sophia, 46 (2007), 35–48.
  • William Henry Young, ‘Evangelical Agnosticism’, Free Inquiry, 5 (1983).

مقالات الموسوعات

  • Thomas Dixon, ‘Agnosticism’, New Dictionary of the History of Ideas, ed. Maryanne Cline Horowitz (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2005).
  • A. G. N. Flew, ‘Agnosticism’, under ‘Religious and Spiritual Belief, Systems of ’, Encyclopaedia Britannica (Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc., 15th edn., 2005).
  • Alfred E. Garvie, ‘Agnosticism’, Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, ed. James Hastings (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1928).
  • Ronald Hepburn, ‘Agnosticism’, The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. Paul Edwards (New York: Macmillan, 1968).
  • William L. Rowe, ‘Agnosticism’, Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. Edward Craig (London: Routledge, 1998).
  • Edmund Shanahan, ‘Agnosticism’, Catholic Encyclopedia, ed. Charles G. Herbermann (London: Caxton Publishing, 1907) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01215c.htm.
    J. J. C. Smart, ‘Atheism and Agnosticism’, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. Edward N. Zalta (online resource) http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/atheism-agnosticism/.

الفصل الأول

الإلحاد والإيمان بوجود إله
  • Julian Baggini, Atheism: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).
  • Richard Dawkins, The God Delusion (London: Black Swan, 2006).
  • Richard M. Gale, On the Nature and Existence of God (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991).
  • Michael Martin, Atheism: A Philosophical Justification (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990).
  • Alister McGrath, Dawkins’ God: Genes, Memes and the Meaning of Life (Oxford: Blackwell, 2004).
  • J. J. C. Smart and John Haldane, Atheism and Theism, 2nd edn. (Oxford: Blackwell, 2003).
  • Richard Swinburne, Is There a God? (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996).

الفصل الثاني

اللاأدرية الفيكتورية
  • Noel Annan, Leslie Stephen: The Godless Victorian (London: Weidenfield and Nicolson, 1984).
  • Don Cupitt, ‘Mansel’s Theory of Regulative Truth’, Journal of Theological Studies, 18 (1967), 104–26.
  • Adrian Desmond, Huxley: From Devil’s Disciple to Evolution’s High Priest (London: Penguin, 1998).
  • Timothy Fitzgerald, ‘Herbert Spencer’s Agnosticism’, Religious Studies, 23 (1987), 477–91.
  • Timothy Fitzgerald, ‘Mansel’s Agnosticism’, Religious Studies (1990), 525–41.
  • Bernard Lightman, The Origins of Agnosticism: Victorian Unbelief and the Limits of Knowledge (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987).
  • Bernard Lightman, ‘Huxley and Scientific Agnosticism: The Strange History of a Failed Rhetorical Strategy’, British Journal for the History of Science, 35 (2002), 271–89.
  • Paul White, Thomas Huxley: Making the ‘Man of Science’ (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
  • James Woelfel, ‘Victorian Agnosticism and Liberal Theology’, American Journal of Theology and Philosophy, 19 (1997), 61–76.

السوابق الفلسفية

  • A. J. Ayer, Hume (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980).
  • Peter Byrne, Kant on God (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007).
  • J. C. A. Gaskin, Hume’s Philosophy of Religion, 2nd edn. (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1988).
  • Roger Scruton, Kant (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982).
  • Sextus Empiricus, Outlines of Scepticism, ed. Julia Annas and Jonathan Barnes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).

الفصل الثالث

آراء راسل عن الدين
  • Bertrand Russell, Why I Am Not a Christian, and Other Essays on Religion and Related Subjects (London: Unwin, 1957).

مبدأ افتراض الإلحاد

  • Antony Flew, ‘The Presumption of Atheism’, Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 2 (1972), 29–49.
  • Scott Shalkowski, ‘Atheological Apologetics’, American Philosophical Quarterly, 26 (1989), 1–17.

الفصل الرابع

حجج من مسائلتي التصميم والضبط الدقيق
  • Paul Davies, The Accidental Universe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982).
  • John Leslie, Universes (London: Routledge, 1989).
  • Richard Swinburne, The Existence of God (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978).

التفسيرات البيولوجية للذكاء والأخلاق

  • Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976).
  • Richard Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker (Harlow: Longman, 1986).
  • Daniel Dennett, Darwin’s Dangerous Idea (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995).

النظريات الأخلاقية

  • Simon Blackburn, Ethics: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).
  • J. L. Mackie, Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1977).
  • Charles L. Stevenson, Ethics and Language (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1944).

التجربة الدينية

  • William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience (London: Longmans Green, 1902; reissued as a Penguin paperback 1985).
  • Keith E. Yandell, The Epistemology of Religious Experience (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).

مشكلة الشر

  • Marilyn McCord Adams and Robert Merrihew Adams (eds.), The Problem of Evil (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990).
  • Peter van Inwagen, The Problem of Evil (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2006).

الفصل الخامس

الوضعية المنطقية
  • A. J. Ayer, Language, Truth and Logic (London: Victor Gollancz, 1936).
  • Karl Popper, Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1963).

اللاواقعية الدينية

  • Richard Braithwaite, ‘An Empiricist’s View of the Nature of Religious Belief ’, in The Philosophy of Religion, ed. Basil Mitchell (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970), pp. 72–91.
  • Don Cupitt, The Sea of Faith (London: BBC, 1984).
  • Antony Flew, R. M. Hare, and Basil Mitchell, ‘Theology and Falsification’, in The Philosophy of Religion, ed. Basil Mitchell (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970), pp. 13–22.
  • John A. T. Robinson, Honest to God (London: SCM, 1963).
  • Ludwig Wittgenstein, Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology and Religious Belief, ed. Cyril Barrett (Oxford: Blackwell, 1966).

الإيمان الديني باعتباره شيئًا أساسيًا

  • Alvin Plantinga, Warranted Christian Belief (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000).

آراء جيمس حول الإيمان

  • Graham Bird, William James (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1986).
  • Richard M. Gale, The Philosophy of William James: An Introduction (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
  • William James, The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy (New York: Longmans Green, 1897).

الفصل السادس

المعرفة والحقيقة والتقدم العلمي
  • A. F. Chalmers, What Is This Thing Called Science?, 2nd edn. (Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1982).
  • Bas van Fraassen, The Scientific Image (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982).

اللاأدرية الأخلاقية والشكوكية الأخلاقية

  • Clement Dore, Moral Scepticism (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1991).
  • Colin Wilson, The Outsider (London: Victor Gollancz, 1956).

رهان باسكال

  • J. L. Mackie, The Miracle of Theism (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982).
  • William G. Lycan and George N. Schlesinger, ‘You Bet Your Life: Pascal’s Wager Defended’, in Reason and Responsibility, ed. Joel Feinberg (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1989).

اللاأدرية والالتزام الديني

  • Samantha Corte, ‘Following God without Belief: Moral Objections to Agnostic Religious Commitment’, Philosophy Compass, 3 (2008), 381–96.
  • John Lemos, ‘An Agnostic Defence of Obligatory Prayer’, Sophia, 37 (1998), 70–87.

الفصل السابع

الشك والإبداع
  • Immanuel Wallerstein, ‘Uncertainty and Creativity’, American Behavioural Scientist, 42 (1998), 320–2.

نظرية الألعاب

  • William Poundstone, Prisoner’s Dilemma: John von Neumann, Game Theory, and the Puzzle of the Bomb (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992).

الدين والتعليم العلمي

  • Thomas Dixon, Science and Religion: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008).
  • Michael J. Reiss, Science Education for a Pluralist Society (Buckingham: Open University Press, 1993).
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