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(1-1) The e-puck educational mobile robot
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(1-2) The ‘nervous system’ of the e-puck robot
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(1-3) Replicas of Grey Walter’s robot tortoises. (Robots built by Ian
Horsfi eld and Chris Hart)
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(2-1) Industrial assembly-line robots (© Small Town
Studio/Shutterstock. com).
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(2-2) The Aethon TUG hospital portering robot (© Art Montes De
Oca/Aethon).
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(2-3) Mars exploration rover(©
NASA/JPL-Caltech).
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(2-4) Lego Mindstorms NXT ‘central nervous system’ (© LEGO
Group).
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(3-1) The robot-world feedback loop.
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(3-2) Ecobot III: a robot with an artificial digestive system. The
inset image shows a single MFC (Reproduced with permission of Ioannis Ieropoulos,
John
Greenman, and Chris Melhuish).
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(3-3) Scratchbot, a robot with artificial whiskers (Reproduced with
permission of Martin Pearson and Tony Pipe).
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(4-1) BERT II torso fi tted with the BRL digital head, an upper-body
humanoid robot for research in human–robot cooperation (Reproduced with permission
of
Chris Melhuish and Graham Whiteley).
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(4-2) Kismet, an expressive robot head for research in social
human–robot interaction (Donna Coveney/MIT).
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(4-3) Jules, an expressive highfi delity android robot head
(Reproduced with permission of David Hanson).
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(4-5) The Uncanny Valley (Reproduced with permission of Karl
MacDorman).
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(4-6) Paro, a robot baby seal (© AIST, Japan).
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(4-7) Cronos, an anthropomimetic humanoid robot (Reproduced with
permission of Owen Holland)
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(5-1) The Swarmanoid robots. Left: 3 Foot-bots and a Hand-bot. Right:
the Eye-bot (Reproduced with permission of Marco Dorigo).
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(5-2) The four stage process of evolutionary
robotics.
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(5-3) In the Golem project a robot is evolved in simulation (top)
then the fi nal best individual, is fabricated (bottom) (Reproduced with permission
of
Hod Lipson, Cornell University).
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(5-4) Alice robot (A) and its artificial neural network controller
(B) (Reproduced with permission of Markus Waibel and Dario
Floreano).
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(5-5) A Symbrion organism. Top: a visualization of the 3D organism.
Bottom: Symbrion Backbone and Active wheel robots in the process of autonomous
self-assembly (Reproduced with permission of Paul Levi, Lutz Winkler, and Wenguo
Liu).
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(5-6) Simulated Nao humanoid robots playing 3-a-side football in the
simulator Webots (Reproduced with permission of Olivier
Michel).
